וְנָחָ֥ה עָלָ֖יו ר֣וּחַ יְהוָ֑ה ר֧וּחַ חָכְמָ֣ה וּבִינָ֗ה ר֤וּחַ עֵצָה֙ וּגְבוּרָ֔ה ר֥וּחַ דַּ֖עַת וְיִרְאַ֥ת יְהוָֽה׃
And the spirit of YHWH shall rest upon him, the spirit of wisdom and understanding, the spirit of counsel and might, the spirit of knowledge and fear of YHWH.
Morphology
- וְנָחָה (ve-nāḥāh) – Root: נוח (nuaḥ); Form: Qal waw-consecutive (wayyiqtol) 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “And shall rest”; Notes: Refers to a settled abiding, often of divine presence or spirit.
- עָלָיו (ʿālāv) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “upon him”; Notes: The subject is the one from verse 1—the shoot from Yishai.
- ר֣וּחַ (rūaḥ) – Root: רוח (ruaḥ); Form: Noun feminine singular in construct; Translation: “spirit”; Notes: Can refer to breath, wind, or spirit—here, the divine presence.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: Divine name; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The personal name of the God of Yisraʾel.
- ר֧וּחַ חָכְמָ֣ה (rūaḥ ḥokhmāh) – Root: רוח + חכם; Form: Noun construct + noun feminine singular; Translation: “spirit of wisdom”; Notes: Indicates divine enablement for discernment and insight.
- וּבִינָה (u-ḇināh) – Root: בין (bin); Form: Conjunction + noun feminine singular; Translation: “and understanding”; Notes: Mental clarity and perception; paired with wisdom.
- ר֤וּחַ עֵצָה (rūaḥ ʿētsāh) – Root: רוח + עצה; Form: Noun construct + noun feminine singular; Translation: “spirit of counsel”; Notes: Strategic insight, associated with governance and leadership.
- וּגְבוּרָה (u-gevurāh) – Root: גבר (gāvar); Form: Conjunction + noun feminine singular; Translation: “and might”; Notes: Power or strength, often linked with military or divine prowess.
- ר֥וּחַ דַּעַת (rūaḥ daʿat) – Root: רוח + ידע; Form: Noun construct + noun feminine singular; Translation: “spirit of knowledge”; Notes: Comprehension of divine and human matters.
- וְיִרְאַ֥ת (ve-yirʾat) – Root: ירא (yaraʾ); Form: Conjunction + noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “and fear of”; Notes: Reverence or awe, central to wisdom theology.
- יְהוָֽה (YHWH) – Root: Divine name; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Closes the list, tying the spirit’s attributes back to divine origin.