גַּם־בְּרֹושִׁ֛ים שָׂמְח֥וּ לְךָ֖ אַרְזֵ֣י לְבָנֹ֑ון מֵאָ֣ז שָׁכַ֔בְתָּ לֹֽא־יַעֲלֶ֥ה הַכֹּרֵ֖ת עָלֵֽינוּ׃
Even the cypresses rejoice over you, the cedars of Levanon: “Since you were laid low, no woodcutter has come up against us.”
Morphology
- גַּם (gam) – Root: גם; Form: Adverb; Translation: “also” or “even”; Notes: Introduces unexpected or emphatic addition.
- בְּרֹושִׁים (berosheem) – Root: ברוש (berosh); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “cypresses”; Notes: Trees often used in construction and metaphorically in poetry.
- שָׂמְחוּ (samḥu) – Root: שׂמח (sameaḥ); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “rejoiced”; Notes: Expresses joy or relief, here personified in trees.
- לְךָ (lekha) – Root: אתה (atah); Form: Preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “over you” or “because of you”; Notes: Addressing the fallen king.
- אַרְזֵי (arzei) – Root: ארז (erez); Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “cedars of”; Notes: High-value trees from Levanon, symbolizing strength or nobility.
- לְבָנֹון (Levanon) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Masculine singular; Translation: “Levanon”; Notes: The famous mountainous region known for its forests.
- מֵאָז (me-az) – Root: אז; Form: Preposition + adverb; Translation: “since”; Notes: Marks a point in time past.
- שָׁכַבְתָּ (shakhavta) – Root: שׁכב (shakhav); Form: Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “you were laid low” or “you lay down”; Notes: Euphemism for death or downfall.
- לֹא־יַעֲלֶה (lo-yaʿaleh) – Root: עלה (ʿalah); Form: Negative particle + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “no one will come up”; Notes: Emphasizes cessation of threat.
- הַכֹּרֵת (ha-koret) – Root: כרת (karat); Form: Definite article + Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “the woodcutter”; Notes: Metaphor for the destructive ruler or empire.
- עָלֵינוּ (ʿaleinu) – Root: על; Form: Preposition + 1st person plural suffix; Translation: “against us” or “upon us”; Notes: Expresses former threat now removed.