וְסִכַּרְתִּי֙ אֶת־מִצְרַ֔יִם בְּיַ֖ד אֲדֹנִ֣ים קָשֶׁ֑ה וּמֶ֤לֶךְ עַז֙ יִמְשָׁל־בָּ֔ם נְאֻ֥ם הָאָדֹ֖ון יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֹֽות׃
“And I will hand over Mitsrayim into the hand of cruel masters, and a fierce king shall rule over them,” declares the Lord, YHWH of Hosts.
Morphology
- וְסִכַּרְתִּי (ve-sikkarti) – Root: סכר; Form: Piel perfect 1st person singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “and I will hand over”; Notes: Intensified causative action, meaning to shut up or surrender into control.
- אֶת־מִצְרַיִם (et-Mitsrayim) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Direct object marker + place name; Translation: “Mitsrayim”; Notes: Indicates the object of divine action.
- בְּיַד (be-yad) – Root: יד; Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “into the hand of”; Notes: Common idiom for power or control.
- אֲדֹנִים (adonim) – Root: אדן; Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “masters”; Notes: Plural of authority, emphasizing multiple oppressive rulers.
- קָשֶׁה (qasheh) – Root: קשה; Form: Adjective masculine singular; Translation: “cruel,” “harsh”; Notes: Modifies “masters” with severity of rule.
- וּמֶלֶךְ (u-melekh) – Root: מלך; Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and a king”; Notes: Shifts from plural to singular authority figure.
- עַז (ʿaz) – Root: עזז; Form: Adjective masculine singular; Translation: “fierce,” “strong”; Notes: Conveys power and ruthlessness.
- יִמְשָׁל־בָּם (yimshol-bam) – Root: משׁל; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular + preposition + pronoun suffix; Translation: “shall rule over them”; Notes: Dominant and authoritative rule.
- נְאֻם (neʾum) – Root: נאם; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “declaration,” “oracle”; Notes: Introduces solemn prophetic pronouncement.
- הָאָדֹון (ha-adon) – Root: אדן; Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the Lord”; Notes: Title of majesty and dominion.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: Divine name; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The sacred name of the God of Yisraʾel.
- צְבָאֹות (tsevaʾot) – Root: צבא; Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “of Hosts”; Notes: Refers to YHWH as commander of heavenly armies.