Isaiah 2:12

כִּ֣י יֹ֞ום לַיהוָ֧ה צְבָאֹ֛ות עַ֥ל כָּל־גֵּאֶ֖ה וָרָ֑ם וְעַ֖ל כָּל־נִשָּׂ֥א וְשָׁפֵֽל׃

For the day of YHWH of Hosts is against all that is proud and lofty, and against all that is lifted up, and it shall be brought low.

Morphology

1. כִּי (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces the reason or explanation.
2. יֹום (yom) – Root: יום; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “day”; Notes: Refers to a specific time of divine action—“the Day of YHWH.”
3. לַיהוָה (la-YHWH) – Root: הוה; Form: Preposition + proper noun with definite article; Translation: “of YHWH”; Notes: Shows possession—“the day belongs to YHWH.”
4. צְבָאֹות (tzevaʾot) – Root: צבא; Form: Noun masculine plural in construct; Translation: “of Hosts”; Notes: Military title emphasizing YHWH’s command over heavenly armies.
5. עַל (ʿal) – Root: על; Form: Preposition; Translation: “against”; Notes: Introduces the object of divine judgment.
6. כָּל־גֵּאֶה (kol-geʾeh) – Root: גאה; Form: Construct noun + adjective masculine singular; Translation: “all that is proud”; Notes: Refers to arrogance and haughtiness.
7. וָרָם (va-ram) – Root: רום; Form: Conjunction + adjective masculine singular; Translation: “and lofty”; Notes: Describes those who elevate themselves.
8. וְעַל (ve-ʿal) – Form: Conjunction + preposition; Translation: “and against”; Notes: Parallel structure continuing the judgment theme.
9. כָּל־נִשָּׂא (kol-nissa) – Root: נשא; Form: Construct noun + Nifal participle masculine singular; Translation: “all that is lifted up”; Notes: Refers to exalted individuals or things.
10. וְשָׁפֵל (ve-shafel) – Root: שׁפל; Form: Conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and it shall be brought low”; Notes: Divine action of humiliation or judgment.