Isaiah 2:14

וְעַ֖ל כָּל־הֶהָרִ֣ים הָרָמִ֑ים וְעַ֖ל כָּל־הַגְּבָעֹ֥ות הַנִּשָּׂאֹֽות׃

And against all the high mountains, and against all the exalted hills.

Morphology

1. וְעַל (ve-ʿal) – Root: על; Form: Conjunction + preposition; Translation: “and against”; Notes: Continues the list of items subject to divine judgment.
2. כָּל־הֶהָרִים (kol-he-harim) – Root: הר; Form: Construct phrase: “all the mountains”; Translation: “all the mountains”; Notes: Mountains symbolize strength, permanence, and human pride.
3. הָרָמִים (ha-ramim) – Root: רום; Form: Adjective masculine plural with definite article; Translation: “the high” or “lofty”; Notes: Describes elevation, symbolizing arrogance or exaltation.
4. וְעַל (ve-ʿal) – Form: As above; Translation: “and against.”
5. כָּל־הַגְּבָעֹות (kol-ha-gevʿot) – Root: גבע; Form: Construct noun phrase feminine plural with definite article; Translation: “all the hills”; Notes: Smaller than mountains but parallel in poetic imagery.
6. הַנִּשָּׂאֹות (ha-nissaʾot) – Root: נשא; Form: Nifal participle feminine plural with definite article; Translation: “the exalted”; Notes: Continues the theme of things lifted up in pride to be humbled.