וְחָֽפְרָה֙ הַלְּבָנָ֔ה וּבֹושָׁ֖ה הַֽחַמָּ֑ה כִּֽי־מָלַ֞ךְ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָאֹ֗ות בְּהַ֤ר צִיֹּון֙ וּבִיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וְנֶ֥גֶד זְקֵנָ֖יו כָּבֹֽוד׃ פ
And the moon shall be confounded, and the sun ashamed, for YHWH of Hosts has reigned on Mount Tsiyyon and in Yerushalayim, and before His elders—glory.
Morphology
- וְחָֽפְרָה (ve-ḥafrah) – Root: חפר; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “and shall be confounded”; Notes: Expresses deep shame or humiliation, here poetically applied to the moon.
- הַלְּבָנָה (ha-levanah) – Root: לבן; Form: Definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the moon”; Notes: Feminine noun; subject of the verb “shall be confounded.”
- וּבֹושָׁ֖ה (u-vosha) – Root: בושׁ; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular with conjunction; Translation: “and shall be ashamed”; Notes: Refers to the sun being eclipsed in glory by YHWH’s reign.
- הַֽחַמָּה (ha-ḥammah) – Root: חמם; Form: Definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the sun”; Notes: Another feminine noun, paired with “moon” in poetic parallelism.
- כִּֽי־ (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces the reason for the shame of celestial bodies.
- מָלַ֞ךְ (malakh) – Root: מלך; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “has reigned”; Notes: Refers to the enthronement or kingship of YHWH.
- יְהוָ֣ה (YHWH) – Root: הוה; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Subject of the verb “has reigned.”
- צְבָאֹ֗ות (tsevaʾot) – Root: צבא; Form: Noun plural in construct; Translation: “of armies”; Notes: Divine title indicating YHWH’s supreme command over heavenly and earthly forces.
- בְּהַ֤ר (be-har) – Root: הר; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular in construct; Translation: “on the mountain of”; Notes: Refers to Mount Tsiyon (Zion), site of divine enthronement.
- צִיֹּון֙ (Tsiyon) – Root: ציון; Form: Proper noun feminine singular; Translation: “Tsiyon”; Notes: A poetic and theological name for Jerusalem’s holy hill.
- וּבִיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם (u-virushalayim) – Root: ירושלים; Form: Conjunction + preposition + proper noun; Translation: “and in Yerushalayim”; Notes: Parallel to “on Mount Tsiyon,” emphasizing divine kingship centered in the holy city.
- וְנֶ֥גֶד (ve-neged) – Root: נגד; Form: Conjunction + preposition; Translation: “and before”; Notes: Spatial or visual proximity—“in the presence of.”
- זְקֵנָ֖יו (zeqenav) – Root: זקן; Form: Noun masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “His elders”; Notes: Refers to the honored leaders or representatives of YHWH’s people.
- כָּבֹֽוד (kavod) – Root: כבד; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “glory”; Notes: The final word expresses divine majesty, possibly functioning as a verbless clause: “glory!”