Isaiah 27:1

בַּיֹּ֣ום הַה֡וּא יִפְקֹ֣ד יְהוָה֩ בְּחַרְבֹ֨ו הַקָּשָׁ֜ה וְהַגְּדֹולָ֣ה וְהַֽחֲזָקָ֗ה עַ֤ל לִוְיָתָן֙ נָחָ֣שׁ בָּרִ֔חַ וְעַל֙ לִוְיָתָ֔ן נָחָ֖שׁ עֲקַלָּתֹ֑ון וְהָרַ֥ג אֶת־הַתַּנִּ֖ין אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּיָּֽם׃ ס

In that day YHWH shall punish with His sword—the hard, and the great, and the strong—Leviathan the fleeing serpent, and Leviathan the twisting serpent; and He shall slay the sea-monster that is in the sea.

Morphology

1. בַּיֹּ֣ום (bayyom) – Root: יום; Form: Preposition ב + noun masculine singular with article; Translation: “in the day”; Notes: Temporal marker introducing eschatological action.
2. הַהוּא (hahū) – Root: הוא; Form: Definite article + demonstrative pronoun masculine singular; Translation: “that”; Notes: Refers to a specific future time.
3. יִפְקֹ֣ד (yifqod) – Root: פקד; Form: Qal imperfect 3ms; Translation: “He shall punish”; Notes: Often used in the context of divine judgment.
4. יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: Divine name; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Subject of the verb, acting as divine judge.
5. בְּחַרְבֹו (beḥarbō) – Root: חרב; Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular with 3ms suffix; Translation: “with His sword”; Notes: Instrument of divine judgment.
6. הַקָּשָׁה (haqqāshāh) – Root: קשה; Form: Adjective feminine singular with article; Translation: “the hard”; Notes: One of three adjectives describing the sword.
7. וְהַגְּדֹולָה (vehaggedōlāh) – Root: גדל; Form: Conjunction + adjective feminine singular with article; Translation: “and the great”; Notes: Emphasizes the power of the sword.
8. וְהַֽחֲזָקָה (vehachăzāqāh) – Root: חזק; Form: Conjunction + adjective feminine singular with article; Translation: “and the strong”; Notes: Completes the triplet describing divine might.
9. עַל (ʿal) – Root: על; Form: Preposition; Translation: “against”; Notes: Introduces the object of judgment.
10. לִוְיָתָן (Livyātān) – Root: Possibly from לוה; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Leviathan”; Notes: Symbol of chaos, possibly mythological sea creature.
11. נָחָשׁ (nāḥāsh) – Root: נחש; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “serpent”; Notes: Describes Leviathan as a serpent.
12. בָּרִחַ (bāriaḥ) – Root: ברח; Form: Qal active participle; Translation: “fleeing”; Notes: Indicates motion; metaphor of evasion or escape.
13. וְעַל (veʿal) – Root: על; Form: Conjunction + preposition; Translation: “and against”; Notes: Introduces second object of divine action.
14. לִוְיָתָן (Livyātān) – Same as above; second reference to the chaos monster.
15. נָחָשׁ (nāḥāsh) – Same as above; restated for poetic parallelism.
16. עֲקַלָּתֹון (ʿaqallātōn) – Root: עקל; Form: Adjective or participle; Translation: “twisting”; Notes: Highlights the serpentine motion or deception.
17. וְהָרַג (vehārag) – Root: הרג; Form: Conjunction + Qal perfect 3ms; Translation: “and He shall slay”; Notes: Concludes the action YHWH takes.
18. אֶת־הַתַּנִּין (ʾet-hattannīn) – Root: תנן; Form: Accusative marker + noun masculine singular with article; Translation: “the sea-monster”; Notes: Another symbol of chaos or evil power.
19. אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces the relative clause.
20. בַּיָּם (bayyām) – Root: ים; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular with article; Translation: “in the sea”; Notes: Places the chaos creature in the sea, symbolizing primeval forces.