Isaiah 27:10

כִּ֣י עִ֤יר בְּצוּרָה֙ בָּדָ֔ד נָוֶ֕ה מְשֻׁלָּ֥ח וְנֶעֱזָ֖ב כַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר שָׁ֣ם יִרְעֶ֥ה עֵ֛גֶל וְשָׁ֥ם יִרְבָּ֖ץ וְכִלָּ֥ה סְעִפֶֽיהָ׃

For a fortified city is solitary, a deserted habitation and forsaken like the wilderness; there a calf shall graze, and there it shall lie down, and it shall consume its branches.

Morphology

1. כִּ֣י (kī) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “For”; Notes: Introduces an explanation or reason.
2. עִ֤יר (ʿīr) – Root: עיר; Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “city”; Notes: Subject of the sentence.
3. בְּצוּרָה֙ (bətsūrāh) – Root: בצר; Form: Noun feminine singular, passive participle; Translation: “fortified”; Notes: Describes a stronghold or walled city.
4. בָּדָ֔ד (bāḏāḏ) – Root: בדד; Form: Adjective/adverb; Translation: “alone”; Notes: Often connotes desolation or abandonment.
5. נָוֶ֕ה (nāweh) – Root: נוה; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “habitation”; Notes: Can imply a dwelling place, pasture, or settlement.
6. מְשֻׁלָּ֥ח (məshullaḥ) – Root: שלח; Form: Pual participle masculine singular; Translation: “deserted”; Notes: Literally “sent away,” implying abandonment.
7. וְנֶעֱזָ֖ב (wə-neʿĕzāv) – Root: עזב; Form: Nifal participle masculine singular; Translation: “and forsaken”; Notes: Passive voice emphasizes abandonment.
8. כַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר (ka-midbār) – Root: מדבר; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “like the wilderness”; Notes: Indicates comparison to desolation.
9. שָׁ֣ם (shām) – Root: שם; Form: Adverb of place; Translation: “there”; Notes: Used to indicate location.
10. יִרְעֶ֥ה (yirʿeh) – Root: רעה; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “shall graze”; Notes: Verb of habitual or future action.
11. עֵ֛גֶל (ʿēgel) – Root: עגל; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “calf”; Notes: Young bovine; represents pastoral activity overtaking civilization.
12. וְשָׁ֥ם (wə-shām) – Root: שם; Form: Conjunction + adverb; Translation: “and there”; Notes: Reinforces previous locative clause.
13. יִרְבָּ֖ץ (yirbāṣ) – Root: רבץ; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “shall lie down”; Notes: Refers to resting posture of the calf.
14. וְכִלָּ֥ה (wə-khillāh) – Root: כלה; Form: Conjunction + Piel perfect 3rd masculine singular; Translation: “and it shall consume”; Notes: Emphasizes thorough consumption.
15. סְעִפֶֽיהָ (səʿīphehā) – Root: סעף; Form: Noun masculine plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix; Translation: “its branches”; Notes: Refers to the branches of the desolated city, now grazed upon.