הֹ֗וי עֲטֶ֤רֶת גֵּאוּת֙ שִׁכֹּרֵ֣י אֶפְרַ֔יִם וְצִ֥יץ נֹבֵ֖ל צְבִ֣י תִפְאַרְתֹּ֑ו אֲשֶׁ֛ר עַל־רֹ֥אשׁ גֵּֽיא־שְׁמָנִ֖ים הֲל֥וּמֵי יָֽיִן׃
Woe, crown of pride of the drunkards of Efrayim, and the fading blossom of the beauty of his splendor, which is upon the head of the valley of fatness—those struck down by wine.
Morphology
- הֹ֗וי (hoy) – Root: הוי (hoy); Form: Interjection; Translation: “Woe”; Notes: A cry of lament or impending judgment, frequently used by prophets.
- עֲטֶ֤רֶת (ʿateret) – Root: עטר (ʿatar); Form: Noun, feminine singular construct; Translation: “crown of”; Notes: In construct with the following noun to indicate possession.
- גֵּאוּת֙ (geʾut) – Root: גאה (gaʾah); Form: Noun, feminine singular absolute; Translation: “pride”; Notes: Denotes arrogance or majesty, here likely negative in connotation.
- שִׁכֹּרֵ֣י (shikkorei) – Root: שכר (shakar); Form: Participle, masculine plural construct; Translation: “of drunkards”; Notes: Construct form describing the men of Ephrayim.
- אֶפְרַ֔יִם (Ephrayim) – Root: אפרים (Ephrayim); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Ephrayim”; Notes: A leading northern tribe, often representative of the northern kingdom of Yisraʾel.
- וְצִ֥יץ (ve-tsits) – Root: צוץ (tsuts); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “and the blossom”; Notes: Often a metaphor for something beautiful but fleeting.
- נֹבֵ֖ל (novel) – Root: נבל (naval); Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “fading”; Notes: Describes withering or perishing beauty.
- צְבִ֣י (tsevi) – Root: צבי (tsevi); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “of the beauty”; Notes: Paired with the following noun in construct.
- תִפְאַרְתֹּ֑ו (tifʾarto) – Root: פאר (paʾar); Form: Noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “of his splendor”; Notes: Refers to the once-glorious state of Ephrayim.
- אֲשֶׁ֛ר (asher) – Root: אשר (asher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces a relative clause describing the location.
- עַל־רֹ֥אשׁ (ʿal-roʾsh) – Root: ראש (roʾsh); Form: Preposition עַל + noun masculine singular; Translation: “upon the head”; Notes: Locative expression.
- גֵּֽיא־שְׁמָנִ֖ים (geʾi-shemanim) – Root: גיא (geʾ) + שׁמן (shemen); Form: Construct chain, “valley of fatness”; Translation: “the valley of fatness”; Notes: Symbolizes abundance and decadence.
- הֲל֥וּמֵי (halumei) – Root: הלם (halam); Form: Qal passive participle masculine plural construct; Translation: “those struck down of”; Notes: Describes the men as overwhelmed or struck down, likely metaphorically.
- יָֽיִן (yayin) – Root: יין (yayin); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “wine”; Notes: The source of their stupor and downfall.