וְגַם־אֵ֨לֶּה֙ בַּיַּ֣יִן שָׁג֔וּ וּבַשֵּׁכָ֖ר תָּע֑וּ כֹּהֵ֣ן וְנָבִיא֩ שָׁג֨וּ בַשֵּׁכָ֜ר נִבְלְע֣וּ מִן־הַיַּ֗יִן תָּעוּ֙ מִן־הַשֵּׁכָ֔ר שָׁגוּ֙ בָּֽרֹאֶ֔ה פָּק֖וּ פְּלִילִיָּֽה׃
And even these have gone astray through wine and have wandered through strong drink; priest and prophet have gone astray through strong drink, they are swallowed up by wine, they have wandered from strong drink, they have gone astray in vision, they stumble in judgment.
Morphology
- וְגַם־אֵ֨לֶּה֙ (ve-gam-elleh) – Root: אלה (elleh); Form: Conjunction וְ + adverb גַם + demonstrative pronoun masculine plural; Translation: “and even these”; Notes: Adds emphasis and introduces a new subject group.
- בַּיַּ֣יִן (ba-yayin) – Root: יין (yayin); Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “through the wine”; Notes: Instrumental use—means by which they go astray.
- שָׁג֔וּ (shagu) – Root: שגה (shagah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person plural; Translation: “they have gone astray”; Notes: Refers to moral or spiritual deviation.
- וּבַשֵּׁכָ֖ר (u-va-shekar) – Root: שׁכר (shekar); Form: Conjunction וּ + preposition בְּ + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “and through strong drink”; Notes: Paired with wine to emphasize intoxication.
- תָּע֑וּ (taʿu) – Root: תעה (taʿah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person plural; Translation: “they have wandered”; Notes: Often used of straying from the path or truth.
- כֹּהֵ֣ן (kohen) – Root: כהן (kohen); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “priest”; Notes: Religious official; first subject in the next clause.
- וְנָבִיא֩ (ve-naviʾ) – Root: נבא (naviʾ); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and prophet”; Notes: Joined with “priest” as leaders.
- שָׁג֨וּ (shagu) – Root: שגה (shagah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person plural (repeated); Translation: “have gone astray”; Notes: Emphasizing the fall of leaders.
- בַשֵּׁכָ֜ר (va-shekar) – Root: שׁכר (shekar); Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “through strong drink”; Notes: Repetition highlights the cause.
- נִבְלְע֣וּ (nivleʿu) – Root: בלע (balaʿ); Form: Nifal perfect 3rd person plural; Translation: “they are swallowed up”; Notes: Passive form, denoting total ruin or consumption.
- מִן־הַיַּ֗יִן (min-ha-yayin) – Root: יין (yayin); Form: Preposition מִן + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “by the wine”; Notes: Instrumental use again.
- תָּעוּ֙ (taʿu) – Root: תעה (taʿah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person plural (repeated); Translation: “they have wandered”; Notes: Parallels earlier verb for emphasis.
- מִן־הַשֵּׁכָ֔ר (min-ha-shekar) – Root: שׁכר (shekar); Form: Preposition מִן + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “from strong drink”; Notes: Repeated pattern of intoxication-caused failure.
- שָׁגוּ֙ (shagu) – Root: שגה (shagah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person plural (again); Translation: “they have gone astray”; Notes: Tripled for emphasis, introducing their failure in vision.
- בָּֽרֹאֶ֔ה (ba-roʾeh) – Root: ראה (raʾah); Form: Preposition בְּ + participle masculine singular with article; Translation: “in vision” or “in seeing”; Notes: Likely refers to prophetic insight.
- פָּק֖וּ (paku) – Root: פוק (puq); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person plural; Translation: “they have stumbled”; Notes: Rare verb; denotes staggering or faltering.
- פְּלִילִיָּֽה (peliliyya) – Root: פלל (palal); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “in judgment”; Notes: Refers to legal discernment or juridical decision-making.