Isaiah 30:12

לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ קְדֹ֣ושׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יַ֥עַן מָֽאָסְכֶ֖ם בַּדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה וַֽתִּבְטְחוּ֙ בְּעֹ֣שֶׁק וְנָלֹ֔וז וַתִּֽשָּׁעֲנ֖וּ עָלָֽיו׃

Therefore thus said the Holy One of Yisraʾel, “Because you have rejected this word and trusted in oppression and crookedness, and you have relied on it,

Morphology

1. לָכֵ֗ן (lakhen) – Root: כן; Form: Adverb; Translation: “Therefore”; Notes: Introduces a consequence or divine response.
2. כֹּ֤ה (koh) – Root: כה; Form: Demonstrative adverb; Translation: “Thus”; Notes: Typical prophetic formula introducing a divine speech.
3. אָמַר֙ (ʾamar) – Root: אמר; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “said”; Notes: Verb introducing YHWH’s declaration.
4. קְדֹ֣ושׁ (qedoš) – Root: קדשׁ; Form: Adjective masculine singular in construct; Translation: “Holy One (of)”; Notes: Title referring to YHWH.
5. יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Appositional to “Holy One.”
6. יַ֥עַן (yaʿan) – Root: יען; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “Because”; Notes: Introduces the reason for the judgment.
7. מָֽאָסְכֶ֖ם (maʾasḵem) – Root: מאס; Form: Qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural + suffix; Translation: “you have rejected”; Notes: Refers to rejection with contempt.
8. בַּדָּבָ֣ר (ba-davar) – Root: דבר; Form: Noun masculine singular with definite article and preposition; Translation: “in the word”; Notes: Refers to the prophetic or divine message.
9. הַזֶּ֑ה (hazzeh) – Root: זה; Form: Demonstrative pronoun masculine singular; Translation: “this”; Notes: Modifies “the word.”
10. וַֽתִּבְטְחוּ֙ (va-tivteḥu) – Root: בטח; Form: Qal waw-consecutive imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “and you trusted”; Notes: Indicates sequential action after rejection.
11. בְּעֹ֣שֶׁק (be-ʿosheq) – Root: עשׁק; Form: Noun masculine singular with preposition; Translation: “in oppression”; Notes: Trust in unjust power structures.
12. וְנָלֹ֔וז (ve-naloz) – Root: נלז; Form: Noun/adjective (crookedness, perversity); Translation: “and crookedness”; Notes: Often refers to moral deviation or treachery.
13. וַתִּֽשָּׁעֲנ֖וּ (va-tishaʿanu) – Root: שׁען; Form: Niphal waw-consecutive imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “and you have relied”; Notes: Reflexive or passive dependency.
14. עָלָֽיו (ʿalav) – Root: על; Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “on it”; Notes: Refers back to oppression/crookedness.