אֶ֣לֶף אֶחָ֗ד מִפְּנֵי֙ גַּעֲרַ֣ת אֶחָ֔ד מִפְּנֵ֛י גַּעֲרַ֥ת חֲמִשָּׁ֖ה תָּנֻ֑סוּ עַ֣ד אִם־נֹותַרְתֶּ֗ם כַּתֹּ֨רֶן֙ עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ הָהָ֔ר וְכַנֵּ֖ס עַל־הַגִּבְעָֽה׃
A thousand shall flee at the rebuke of one, at the rebuke of five you shall flee, until you are left like a pole on the top of a mountain, and like a banner on a hill.
Morphology
- אֶ֣לֶף (ʾelef) – Root: אלף; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “a thousand”; Notes: Used as a numeric subject.
- אֶחָ֗ד (ʾeḥad) – Root: אחד; Form: Adjective masculine singular; Translation: “one”; Notes: In construct with the next clause.
- מִפְּנֵי֙ (mippenei) – Root: פנה; Form: Preposition + plural construct form; Translation: “at the face of / because of”; Notes: Indicates cause or source.
- גַּעֲרַ֣ת (gaʿarat) – Root: גער; Form: Noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “rebuke of”; Notes: Construct phrase with the following number.
- אֶחָ֔ד (ʾeḥad) – Root: אחד; Form: Adjective masculine singular; Translation: “one”; Notes: Completing the construct: “the rebuke of one.”
- מִפְּנֵ֛י (mippenei) – Root: פנה; Form: Preposition; Translation: “at the face of / before”; Notes: Repetition for emphasis.
- גַּעֲרַ֥ת (gaʿarat) – Root: גער; Form: Noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “rebuke of”; Notes: Construct with next word.
- חֲמִשָּׁ֖ה (ḥamishah) – Root: חמש; Form: Noun masculine plural (used as cardinal number); Translation: “five”; Notes: “the rebuke of five.”
- תָּנֻ֑סוּ (tanusu) – Root: נוס; Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “you shall flee”; Notes: Predictive or judgmental usage.
- עַ֣ד (ʿad) – Root: עד; Form: Preposition; Translation: “until”; Notes: Marks temporal limit.
- אִם־נֹותַרְתֶּ֗ם (ʾim-notartem) – Root: יתר; Form: Conditional particle + Niphal perfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “you are left”; Notes: Passive of “remain.”
- כַּתֹּ֨רֶן (kattoren) – Root: תרן; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “like a pole”; Notes: Simile of isolation or desolation.
- עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ (ʿal-roʾsh) – Root: ראש; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “on the top of”; Notes: Spatial expression.
- הָהָ֔ר (hahār) – Root: הר; Form: Noun masculine singular definite; Translation: “the mountain”; Notes: Definite article indicates specific location.
- וְכַנֵּ֖ס (vekhannēs) – Root: נסס; Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and like a banner”; Notes: Another image of visible isolation.
- עַל־הַגִּבְעָֽה (ʿal-haggivʿah) – Root: גבע; Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular definite; Translation: “on the hill”; Notes: Spatial location mirroring the mountain above.