הֹלֵ֣ךְ צְדָקֹ֔ות וְדֹבֵ֖ר מֵֽישָׁרִ֑ים מֹאֵ֞ס בְּבֶ֣צַע מַעֲשַׁקֹּ֗ות נֹעֵ֤ר כַּפָּיו֙ מִתְּמֹ֣ךְ בַּשֹּׁ֔חַד אֹטֵ֤ם אָזְנֹו֙ מִשְּׁמֹ֣עַ דָּמִ֔ים וְעֹצֵ֥ם עֵינָ֖יו מֵרְאֹ֥ות בְּרָֽע׃
He who walks in righteousness and speaks uprightness, who despises gain from oppressions, who shakes his hands from holding a bribe, who stops his ears from hearing of bloodshed and shuts his eyes from seeing evil,
Morphology
- הֹלֵ֣ךְ (holekh) – Root: הלך; Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “walking”; Notes: Ongoing behavior; functions as the subject’s trait.
- צְדָקֹ֔ות (tsedaqot) – Root: צדק; Form: Noun feminine plural; Translation: “righteousnesses”; Notes: Abstract plural indicating acts or patterns of justice.
- וְדֹבֵ֖ר (ve-dover) – Root: דבר; Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “and speaking”; Notes: Continues the character profile with another participle.
- מֵֽישָׁרִ֑ים (meysharim) – Root: ישׁר; Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “uprightness”; Notes: Often paired with righteousness; denotes moral clarity and honesty.
- מֹאֵ֞ס (moʾes) – Root: מאס; Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “despising”; Notes: Indicates willful rejection or disgust.
- בְּבֶ֣צַע (be-betsaʿ) – Root: בצע; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “gain” or “profit”; Notes: Often illicit or unjust gain.
- מַעֲשַׁקֹּ֗ות (maʿashakot) – Root: עשׁק; Form: Noun feminine plural; Translation: “oppressions”; Notes: Acts of exploitation or extortion.
- נֹעֵ֤ר (noʿer) – Root: נער; Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “shaking”; Notes: Describes refusal by gesture—removing association.
- כַּפָּיו֙ (kappav) – Root: כף; Form: Noun feminine dual with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his hands”; Notes: Instrument of action or reception.
- מִתְּמֹ֣ךְ (mittemokh) – Root: תמך; Form: Preposition מִן + Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “from holding”; Notes: Indicates withdrawal from grasping something.
- בַּשֹּׁ֔חַד (ba-shoḥad) – Root: שׁחד; Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “a bribe”; Notes: Associated with corrupt judgment or injustice.
- אֹטֵ֤ם (ʾotem) – Root: אטם; Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “stopping”; Notes: Volitional act of refusing to hear.
- אָזְנֹו֙ (ozno) – Root: אזן; Form: Noun feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his ear”; Notes: Indicates what is being closed off.
- מִשְּׁמֹ֣עַ (mi-shmoaʿ) – Root: שׁמע; Form: Preposition מִן + Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “from hearing”; Notes: Suggests deliberate avoidance.
- דָּמִ֔ים (damim) – Root: דם; Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “bloodshed”; Notes: Often metaphor for violence or murder.
- וְעֹצֵ֥ם (ve-ʿotsem) – Root: עצם; Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “and shutting”; Notes: Final element in the string of righteous behaviors.
- עֵינָ֖יו (ʿeinav) – Root: עין; Form: Noun feminine dual with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his eyes”; Notes: Object of shutting; avoids evil visually.
- מֵרְאֹ֥ות (me-reʾot) – Root: ראה; Form: Preposition מִן + Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “from seeing”; Notes: Continued image of moral separation.
- בְּרָֽע (be-raʿ) – Root: רעע; Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “in evil”; Notes: General term for wickedness or harm.