חֶ֣רֶב לַיהוָ֞ה מָלְאָ֥ה דָם֙ הֻדַּ֣שְׁנָה מֵחֵ֔לֶב מִדַּ֤ם כָּרִים֙ וְעַתּוּדִ֔ים מֵחֵ֖לֶב כִּלְיֹ֣ות אֵילִ֑ים כִּ֣י זֶ֤בַח לַֽיהוָה֙ בְּבָצְרָ֔ה וְטֶ֥בַח גָּדֹ֖ול בְּאֶ֥רֶץ אֱדֹֽום׃
A sword of YHWH is filled with blood, it is gorged with fat, with the blood of rams and goats, with the fat of the kidneys of rams; for a sacrifice is for YHWH in Botsrah, and a great slaughter in the land of Edom.
Morphology
- חֶ֣רֶב (ḥerev) – Root: חרב; Form: Noun, feminine singular absolute; Translation: “sword”; Notes: Feminine subject of the clause, symbolic of divine judgment.
- לַיהוָ֞ה (la-YHWH) – Root: יהוה; Form: Preposition + proper noun with definite article; Translation: “of YHWH”; Notes: Possessive construction, the sword belongs to YHWH.
- מָלְאָ֥ה (maleʾah) – Root: מלא; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “is filled”; Notes: Refers to the sword (feminine subject) being saturated.
- דָם֙ (dam) – Root: דם; Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “blood”; Notes: Direct object of the verb “is filled.”
- הֻדַּ֣שְׁנָה (ḥuddashnah) – Root: דשן; Form: Pual perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “is gorged”; Notes: Passive voice, the sword is saturated with fat.
- מֵחֵ֔לֶב (me-ḥelev) – Root: חלב; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “with fat”; Notes: Describes the source of the sword’s saturation.
- מִדַּ֤ם (mi-dam) – Root: דם; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “with the blood”; Notes: Parallel to the earlier object “with fat.”
- כָּרִים֙ (karim) – Root: כר; Form: Noun, masculine plural; Translation: “rams”; Notes: Sacrificial animals in ritual and metaphorical warfare.
- וְעַתּוּדִ֔ים (ve-ʿattudim) – Root: עתד; Form: Conjunction + noun masculine plural; Translation: “and goats”; Notes: Often listed with rams in cultic or military contexts.
- מֵחֵ֖לֶב (me-ḥelev) – Root: חלב; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “with the fat”; Notes: Repetition for intensification.
- כִּלְיֹ֣ות (kilyot) – Root: כליה; Form: Noun feminine plural; Translation: “kidneys”; Notes: Inner parts used in sacrifices.
- אֵילִ֑ים (ʾelim) – Root: איל; Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “rams”; Notes: Construct phrase “fat of the kidneys of rams.”
- כִּ֣י (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces reason or cause.
- זֶ֤בַח (zevaḥ) – Root: זבח; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “sacrifice”; Notes: Often cultic, here metaphor for mass slaughter.
- לַֽיהוָה֙ (la-YHWH) – Root: יהוה; Form: Preposition + proper noun with article; Translation: “for YHWH”; Notes: Designates the recipient or purpose of the sacrifice.
- בְּבָצְרָ֔ה (be-Voṣrah) – Root: בצר; Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “in Botsrah”; Notes: Major city of Edom.
- וְטֶ֥בַח (ve-ṭevaḥ) – Root: טבח; Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and a slaughter”; Notes: Parallelism with “sacrifice.”
- גָּדֹ֖ול (gadol) – Root: גדל; Form: Adjective masculine singular absolute; Translation: “great”; Notes: Modifies “slaughter.”
- בְּאֶ֥רֶץ (be-ʾerets) – Root: ארץ; Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “in the land”; Notes: Refers to the location of judgment.
- אֱדֹֽום׃ (ʾEdom) – Root: אדום; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Edom”; Notes: The nation under judgment, symbolic of hostile powers.