יְהוָ֨ה צְבָאֹ֜ות אֱלֹהֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ יֹשֵׁ֣ב הַכְּרֻבִ֔ים אַתָּה־ה֤וּא הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙ לְבַדְּךָ֔ לְכֹ֖ל מַמְלְכֹ֣ות הָאָ֑רֶץ אַתָּ֣ה עָשִׂ֔יתָ אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וְאֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃
“YHWH of armies, God of Yisraʾel, who sits above the keruvim, you alone are the God for all the kingdoms of the earth. You made the heavens and the earth.
Morphology
- יְהוָ֨ה (YHWH) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The Tetragrammaton, the covenant name of the God of Yisraʾel.
- צְבָאֹ֜ות (tsevaʾot) – Root: צבא (tsavaʾ); Form: Noun feminine plural in construct; Translation: “of armies”; Notes: Refers to angelic or heavenly hosts—military metaphor of divine might.
- אֱלֹהֵ֤י (Elohei) – Root: אלוה (Eloah); Form: Construct masculine plural; Translation: “God of”; Notes: Leads into the possessive clause with “Yisraʾel.”
- יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ (Yisraʾel) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Proper name masculine singular; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: The covenant people of YHWH.
- יֹשֵׁ֣ב (yoshev) – Root: ישׁב (yashav); Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “who sits”; Notes: Describes YHWH’s enthronement.
- הַכְּרֻבִ֔ים (ha-keruvim) – Root: כרב (keruv); Form: Definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “the keruvim”; Notes: Angelic beings associated with the divine throne or the Ark.
- אַתָּה־הוּא (attah hu) – Root: Pronouns; Form: Emphatic 2nd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “You are He”; Notes: Strong affirmation of identity and uniqueness.
- הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙ (ha-Elohim) – Root: אלוה (Eloah); Form: Definite noun masculine plural of majesty; Translation: “the God”; Notes: The one true deity being emphasized.
- לְבַדְּךָ֔ (levaddekha) – Root: בדד (badad); Form: Preposition + noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “alone”; Notes: Emphasizes monotheism against idolatry.
- לְכֹ֖ל (le-khol) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “for all”; Notes: Prepares for the object “kingdoms.”
- מַמְלְכֹ֣ות (mamlekhot) – Root: מלך (melekh); Form: Noun feminine plural; Translation: “kingdoms”; Notes: Refers to nations under political rule.
- הָאָ֑רֶץ (ha-aretz) – Root: ארץ (ʾerets); Form: Definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the earth”; Notes: Global scope—God’s dominion is universal.
- אַתָּ֣ה (attah) – Root: Pronoun; Form: 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “You”; Notes: Resumes emphasis on YHWH as Creator.
- עָשִׂ֔יתָ (ʿasita) – Root: עשה (ʿasah); Form: Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “have made”; Notes: Creation as act of divine sovereignty.
- אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם (et-ha-shamayim) – Root: שׁמים (shamayim); Form: Direct object marker + definite noun masculine dual; Translation: “the heavens”; Notes: Refers to the skies or celestial realm.
- וְאֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ (ve-et-ha-aretz) – Root: ארץ (ʾerets); Form: Conjunction + direct object marker + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “and the earth”; Notes: Completes the merism for totality of creation.