Isaiah 37:17

הַטֵּ֨ה יְהוָ֤ה אָזְנְךָ֙ וּֽשְׁמָ֔ע פְּקַ֧ח יְהוָ֛ה עֵינֶ֖ךָ וּרְאֵ֑ה וּשְׁמַ֗ע אֵ֚ת כָּל־דִּבְרֵ֣י סַנְחֵרִ֔יב אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁלַ֔ח לְחָרֵ֖ף אֱלֹהִ֥ים חָֽי׃

Incline Your ear, YHWH, and hear; open Your eyes, YHWH, and see; and hear all the words of Sankḥeriv, which he has sent to reproach the living God.

Morphology

1. הַטֵּ֨ה (haṭṭeh) – Root: נטה (natah); Form: Hiphil imperative masculine singular; Translation: “Incline”; Notes: A plea for YHWH’s attentive response.
2. יְהוָ֤ה (YHWH) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant name of God, addressed directly.
3. אָזְנְךָ֙ (oznekha) – Root: אֹזֶן (ozen); Form: Noun feminine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “Your ear”; Notes: Anthropomorphic image requesting divine attention.
4. וּשְׁמָ֔ע (u-shemaʿ) – Root: שמע (shamaʿ); Form: Qal imperative masculine singular with waw; Translation: “and hear”; Notes: Parallel plea to the previous verb.
5. פְּקַ֧ח (peqach) – Root: פקח (paqach); Form: Qal imperative masculine singular; Translation: “Open”; Notes: Requests visual attention from YHWH.
6. יְהוָ֛ה (YHWH) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Repetition emphasizes urgency and reverence.
7. עֵינֶ֖ךָ (ʿeinekha) – Root: עין (ʿayin); Form: Noun feminine dual with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “Your eyes”; Notes: Parallel to “Your ear”; a call for divine perception.
8. וּרְאֵ֑ה (u-reʾeh) – Root: ראה (raʾah); Form: Qal imperative masculine singular with waw; Translation: “and see”; Notes: Reinforces the plea for divine involvement.
9. וּשְׁמַ֗ע (u-shemaʿ) – Root: שמע (shamaʿ); Form: Qal imperative masculine singular; Translation: “and hear”; Notes: Restates earlier request, now with new object.
10. אֵ֚ת (et) – Form: Direct object marker; Translation: [no translation]; Notes: Introduces the direct object “all the words.”
11. כָּל־דִּבְרֵ֣י (kol-divrei) – Root: כל (kol), דבר (davar); Form: Construct noun phrase; Translation: “all the words of”; Notes: Refers to the content of the Assyrian message.
12. סַנְחֵרִ֔יב (Sankḥeriv) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Proper name masculine singular; Translation: “Sankḥeriv”; Notes: King of Ashshur who blasphemed YHWH.
13. אֲשֶׁ֣ר (asher) – Root: Relative pronoun; Form: Indeclinable; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces relative clause referring to the words.
14. שָׁלַ֔ח (shalach) – Root: שלח (shalaḥ); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he has sent”; Notes: Refers to the act of dispatching blasphemous messages.
15. לְחָרֵ֖ף (le-ḥaref) – Root: חרף (ḥaraf); Form: Infinitive construct with preposition; Translation: “to reproach”; Notes: A strong term implying verbal insult against divinity.
16. אֱלֹהִ֥ים (Elohim) – Root: אלוה (Eloah); Form: Masculine plural of majesty; Translation: “God”; Notes: Refers to YHWH, not to false gods.
17. חָֽי (ḥai) – Root: חיה (ḥayah); Form: Adjective masculine singular; Translation: “living”; Notes: Contrasts YHWH with lifeless idols; affirms His true existence.