שְׂאוּ־מָרֹ֨ום עֵינֵיכֶ֤ם וּרְאוּ֙ מִי־בָרָ֣א אֵ֔לֶּה הַמֹּוצִ֥יא בְמִסְפָּ֖ר צְבָאָ֑ם לְכֻלָּם֙ בְּשֵׁ֣ם יִקְרָ֔א מֵרֹ֤ב אֹונִים֙ וְאַמִּ֣יץ כֹּ֔חַ אִ֖ישׁ לֹ֥א נֶעְדָּֽר׃ ס
Lift up on high your eyes and see: Who created these? He who brings out their host by number, He calls them all by name; through the greatness of strength and mighty power, not one is missing.
Morphology
- שְׂאוּ־ (seʾu) – Root: נשא; Form: Qal imperative masculine plural; Translation: “Lift up”; Notes: Command directed at the people.
- מָרֹ֨ום (marom) – Root: רום; Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “on high”; Notes: Refers to height or heavens.
- עֵינֵיכֶ֤ם (ʿeineikhem) – Root: עין; Form: Noun, dual construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “your eyes”; Notes: Dual form used for pairs like eyes.
- וּרְאוּ֙ (ureʾu) – Root: ראה; Form: Qal imperative masculine plural; Translation: “and see”; Notes: Coordinated command with “lift up.”
- מִי־ (mi) – Root: מי; Form: Interrogative pronoun; Translation: “Who”; Notes: Asks about the creator.
- בָרָ֣א (bara) – Root: ברא; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “created”; Notes: Refers to divine creative act.
- אֵ֔לֶּה (elleh) – Root: אלה; Form: Demonstrative pronoun, masculine plural; Translation: “these”; Notes: Refers to the heavenly bodies or host.
- הַמֹּוצִ֥יא (hamotzi) – Root: יצא; Form: Hifil participle masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “He who brings out”; Notes: Hifil adds causative nuance—“causes to go out.”
- בְמִסְפָּ֖ר (bemispar) – Root: ספר; Form: Noun, masculine singular in construct with preposition; Translation: “by number”; Notes: Indicates order and precision.
- צְבָאָ֑ם (tzevaʾam) – Root: צבא; Form: Noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “their host”; Notes: Refers to stars or angelic army.
- לְכֻלָּם֙ (lekhullam) – Root: כל; Form: Noun with preposition + 3rd person plural suffix; Translation: “to all of them”; Notes: Distributive emphasis.
- בְּשֵׁ֣ם (beshem) – Root: שם; Form: Noun with preposition; Translation: “by name”; Notes: Indicates intimate knowledge or command.
- יִקְרָ֔א (yiqra) – Root: קרא; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He calls”; Notes: Ongoing action.
- מֵרֹ֤ב (merov) – Root: רבב; Form: Noun with preposition; Translation: “from abundance of”; Notes: Indicates cause.
- אֹונִים֙ (onim) – Root: און; Form: Noun, masculine plural; Translation: “strength”; Notes: Related to power, vitality.
- וְאַמִּ֣יץ (veʾammitz) – Root: אמץ; Form: Adjective, masculine singular; Translation: “and mighty”; Notes: Conjoined attribute.
- כֹּ֔חַ (koach) – Root: כח; Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “power”; Notes: Paired with “mighty.”
- אִ֖ישׁ (ish) – Root: איש; Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “man / one”; Notes: Here general—“not one.”
- לֹ֥א (lo) – Root: לא; Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Denies the verb that follows.
- נֶעְדָּֽר (neʿdar) – Root: עדר; Form: Nifal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “is missing”; Notes: Passive verb form: none is absent.