מִֽי־נָתַ֨ן לִמְשִׁסֶּה יַעֲקֹ֛ב וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל לְבֹזְזִ֖ים הֲלֹ֣וא יְהוָ֑ה ז֚וּ חָטָ֣אנוּ לֹ֔ו וְלֹֽא־אָב֤וּ בִדְרָכָיו֙ הָלֹ֔וךְ וְלֹ֥א שָׁמְע֖וּ בְּתֹורָתֹֽו׃
Who gave Yaʿaqov to the plunderer, and Yisraʾel to those who loot? Was it not YHWH, against whom we have sinned? And they were not willing to walk in His ways, and they did not listen to His Torah.
Morphology
- מִֽי־ (mi) – Root: מי; Form: Interrogative pronoun; Translation: “Who”; Notes: Begins a rhetorical question.
- נָתַ֨ן (natan) – Root: נתן; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “gave”; Notes: Indicates completed action.
- לִמְשִׁסֶּה (limshisseh) – Root: שסה; Form: Preposition + Piel infinitive construct; Translation: “to the plunderer”; Notes: Indicates purpose or result (“for plundering”).
- יַעֲקֹ֛ב (Yaʿaqov) – Root: יעקב; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yaʿaqov”; Notes: Represents the people of Yisraʾel.
- וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל (ve-Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל; Form: Conjunction + proper noun; Translation: “and Yisraʾel”; Notes: Parallel to Yaʿaqov.
- לְבֹזְזִ֖ים (le-vozzizim) – Root: בזז; Form: Preposition + Piel participle masculine plural; Translation: “to those who loot”; Notes: Describes the attackers.
- הֲלֹ֣וא (halo) – Root: לא; Form: Interrogative particle; Translation: “Was it not”; Notes: Introduces the rhetorical answer.
- יְהוָ֑ה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The divine subject of the clause.
- זוּ (zu) – Root: זה; Form: Demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular; Translation: “This”; Notes: Refers back to YHWH’s action.
- חָטָ֣אנוּ (ḥataʾnu) – Root: חטא; Form: Qal perfect 1st person plural; Translation: “we have sinned”; Notes: Confessional tone.
- לֹ֔ו (lo) – Root: לו; Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “against Him”; Notes: Refers to YHWH.
- וְלֹֽא־אָב֤וּ (ve-lo-ʾavu) – Root: אבה; Form: Conjunction + negative + Qal perfect 3rd person plural; Translation: “and they were not willing”; Notes: Indicates obstinance or rebellion.
- בִדְרָכָיו֙ (bidrakhav) – Root: דרך; Form: Preposition + noun masculine plural construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “in His ways”; Notes: Indicates divine path or instruction.
- הָלֹ֔וךְ (halokh) – Root: הלך; Form: Qal infinitive absolute; Translation: “to walk”; Notes: Infinitive of purpose or emphasis.
- וְלֹ֥א (ve-lo) – Root: לא; Form: Conjunction + negative particle; Translation: “and not”; Notes: Continues the negative assertion.
- שָׁמְע֖וּ (shamʿu) – Root: שמע; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person plural; Translation: “they listened”; Notes: Refers to obedience or attentiveness.
- בְּתֹורָתֹֽו (be-torato) – Root: תורה; Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “to His Torah”; Notes: Refers to divine teaching or law.