קָצַ֣פְתִּי עַל־עַמִּ֗י חִלַּ֨לְתִּי֙ נַחֲלָתִ֔י וָאֶתְּנֵ֖ם בְּיָדֵ֑ךְ לֹא־שַׂ֤מְתְּ לָהֶם֙ רַחֲמִ֔ים עַל־זָקֵ֕ן הִכְבַּ֥דְתְּ עֻלֵּ֖ךְ מְאֹֽד׃
I was angry with my people, I profaned my inheritance, and I gave them into your hand; you did not show them mercy; upon the old you made your yoke very heavy.
Morphology
- קָצַפְתִּי (qatsapti) – Root: קצף; Form: Qal perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I was angry”; Notes: Refers to divine wrath against Yisraʾel.
- עַל־עַמִּי (ʿal-ʿammi) – Root: עם; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “with my people”; Notes: YHWH’s own people, indicating covenant context.
- חִלַּלְתִּי (ḥillalti) – Root: חלל; Form: Piel perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I profaned”; Notes: Implies treating as common or exposing to shame.
- נַחֲלָתִי (naḥalati) – Root: נחל; Form: Noun feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “my inheritance”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s people as His treasured possession.
- וָאֶתְּנֵם (va-ettenem) – Root: נתן; Form: Qal imperfect 1st person singular with vav-consecutive + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “and I gave them”; Notes: YHWH hands over His people for judgment.
- בְּיָדֵךְ (beyadekh) – Root: יד; Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular with 2nd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “into your hand”; Notes: Indicates power or control given to Babylon.
- לֹא (lo) – Root: לא; Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Denies an expected act of compassion.
- שַׂמְתְּ (samt) – Root: שׂים; Form: Qal perfect 2nd person feminine singular; Translation: “you placed”; Notes: Indicates the withholding of mercy.
- לָהֶם (lahem) – Root: הם; Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “to them”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s people under oppression.
- רַחֲמִים (raḥamim) – Root: רחם; Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “mercy”; Notes: Compassion that Babylon failed to show.
- עַל־זָקֵן (ʿal-zaqen) – Root: זקן; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “upon the old”; Notes: Even the elderly were not spared harsh treatment.
- הִכְבַּדְתְּ (hikbadet) – Root: כבד; Form: Hifil perfect 2nd person feminine singular; Translation: “you made heavy”; Notes: Refers to imposing severe burden or oppression.
- עֻלֵּךְ (ʿullekh) – Root: עול; Form: Noun masculine singular with 2nd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “your yoke”; Notes: Symbolizes subjugation or forced labor.
- מְאֹד (meʾod) – Root: –; Form: Adverb; Translation: “very”; Notes: Intensifies the severity of the oppression.