Isaiah 5:16

וַיִּגְבַּ֛ה יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֹ֖ות בַּמִּשְׁפָּ֑ט וְהָאֵל֙ הַקָּדֹ֔ושׁ נִקְדָּ֖שׁ בִּצְדָקָֽה׃

And YHWH of Hosts is exalted in justice, and the Holy God shows Himself holy in righteousness.

Morphology

1. וַיִּגְבַּה (va-yigbah) – Root: גבה (gavah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And He is exalted”; Notes: Describes YHWH being lifted up or honored through His actions.
2. יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: —; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenantal name of the God of Yisraʾel.
3. צְבָאֹות (tsevaʾot) – Root: צבא (tsava); Form: Noun feminine plural in construct; Translation: “of Hosts”; Notes: Title reflecting divine authority over heavenly armies.
4. בַּמִּשְׁפָּט (ba-mishpat) – Root: שׁפט (shafat); Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “in justice”; Notes: Means by which YHWH is exalted—His righteous judgment.
5. וְהָאֵל (ve-haʾel) – Root: אל (ʾel); Form: Conjunction + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “and the God”; Notes: Parallel with YHWH, emphasizing divine identity.
6. הַקָּדֹושׁ (ha-qadosh) – Root: קדש (qadash); Form: Adjective masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “the Holy One”; Notes: A title of reverence, stressing divine separateness and purity.
7. נִקְדָּשׁ (niqdash) – Root: קדש (qadash); Form: Nifal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “is sanctified” or “shows Himself holy”; Notes: Passive-reflexive; God is revealed as holy through His actions.
8. בִּצְדָקָה (bi-tsedaqah) – Root: צדק (tsadaq); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun feminine singular; Translation: “in righteousness”; Notes: Instrumental preposition; the means by which God reveals His holiness.