וַאֲשִׁיתֵ֣הוּ בָתָ֗ה לֹ֤א יִזָּמֵר֙ וְלֹ֣א יֵעָדֵ֔ר וְעָלָ֥ה שָׁמִ֖יר וָשָׁ֑יִת וְעַ֤ל הֶעָבִים֙ אֲצַוֶּ֔ה מֵהַמְטִ֥יר עָלָ֖יו מָטָֽר׃
And I will make it a wasteland: it shall not be pruned nor hoed, and briars and thorns shall grow up; and concerning the clouds I will command that they rain no rain upon it.
Morphology
- וַאֲשִׁיתֵהוּ (va-ʾashitehu) – Root: שׁית (shith); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 1st person common singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “And I will make it”; Notes: Verb of placing or making into a state.
- בָתָה (batah) – Root: בתה (batah); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “a wasteland” or “desolation”; Notes: Indicates abandonment and ruin.
- לֹא (lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Negates the following verbs.
- יִזָּמֵר (yizzamer) – Root: זמר (zamar); Form: Nifal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “shall be pruned”; Notes: Passive-reflexive form indicating cultivation will cease.
- וְלֹא (ve-lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Conjunction + negative particle; Translation: “nor”; Notes: Connects second negative verb.
- יֵעָדֵר (yeʿader) – Root: עדר (ʿadar); Form: Nifal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “shall be hoed”; Notes: Indicates no further tilling or caring for the ground.
- וְעָלָה (ve-ʿalah) – Root: עלה (ʿalah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and shall grow up”; Notes: Refers to spontaneous growth of unwanted plants.
- שָׁמִיר (shamir) – Root: שׁמר (shamir); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “briars”; Notes: Thorny plant representing neglect.
- וָשָׁיִת (va-shayit) – Root: שׁית (shayit); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “and thorns”; Notes: Common pairing with shamir indicating overgrown ruin.
- וְעַל (ve-ʿal) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Conjunction + preposition; Translation: “and upon”; Notes: Introduces the agent being addressed in the next clause.
- הֶעָבִים (he-ʿavim) – Root: עב (ʿav); Form: Definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “the clouds”; Notes: Subject commanded not to send rain.
- אֲצַוֶּה (ʾatsaveh) – Root: צוה (tsavah); Form: Piel imperfect 1st person common singular; Translation: “I will command”; Notes: Refers to a divine command issued to the elements.
- מֵהַמְטִיר (me-hamtir) – Root: מטר (matar); Form: Hifil infinitive construct with preposition מִן; Translation: “from raining”; Notes: Expresses prevention of action.
- עָלָיו (ʿalav) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “upon it”; Notes: Refers back to the vineyard.
- מָטָר (matar) – Root: מטר (matar); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “rain”; Notes: The withheld blessing, symbolic of divine favor being removed.