Isaiah 53:10

וַיהוָ֞ה חָפֵ֤ץ דַּכְּאֹו֙ הֶֽחֱלִ֔י אִם־תָּשִׂ֤ים אָשָׁם֙ נַפְשֹׁ֔ו יִרְאֶ֥ה זֶ֖רַע יַאֲרִ֣יךְ יָמִ֑ים וְחֵ֥פֶץ יְהוָ֖ה בְּיָדֹ֥ו יִצְלָֽח׃

Yet YHWH was pleased to crush him; he made him sick. If you make his soul a guilt offering, he shall see offspring, he shall prolong days, and the pleasure of YHWH shall succeed in his hand.

Morphology

1. וַיהוָ֞ה (va-YHWH) – Root: יהוה; Form: Conjunction + proper noun; Translation: “And YHWH”; Notes: Subject of the main clause; divine initiative is emphasized.
2. חָפֵ֤ץ (ḥafeṣ) – Root: חפץ (ḥafeṣ); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “was pleased”; Notes: Describes divine will or delight in the outcome.
3. דַּכְּאֹו֙ (dakkeʾo) – Root: דכא (daka); Form: Piel infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “to crush him”; Notes: Piel intensifies the action—severe affliction.
4. הֶֽחֱלִ֔י (heḥĕli) – Root: חלה (ḥalah); Form: Hifil perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he made sick”; Notes: Implies divine causation of suffering or illness.
5. אִם־תָּשִׂ֤ים (im-tasim) – Root: שׂים (sim); Form: Conditional particle + Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “if you place”; Notes: Conditional construction for hypothetical offering.
6. אָשָׁם֙ (asham) – Root: אשם (ʾasham); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “guilt offering”; Notes: A specific type of sacrifice for atonement of sin.
7. נַפְשֹׁ֔ו (nafsho) – Root: נפשׁ (nefesh); Form: Noun feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his soul”; Notes: Refers to his life or personhood.
8. יִרְאֶ֥ה (yirʾeh) – Root: ראה (raʾah); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he shall see”; Notes: Introduces result of the offering—future reward.
9. זֶ֖רַע (zeraʿ) – Root: זרע (zeraʿ); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “offspring”; Notes: Can be literal descendants or symbolic of enduring legacy.
10. יַאֲרִ֣יךְ (yaʾarikh) – Root: ארך (ʾarakh); Form: Hifil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he shall prolong”; Notes: Verb of extension or continuation.
11. יָמִ֑ים (yamim) – Root: יום (yom); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “days”; Notes: Often idiomatic for a long life.
12. וְחֵ֥פֶץ (ve-ḥefeṣ) – Root: חפץ (ḥefeṣ); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and the pleasure”; Notes: Refers to the will or delight of YHWH.
13. יְהוָ֖ה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Divine subject of will and success.
14. בְּיָדֹ֥ו (be-yado) – Root: יד (yad); Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “in his hand”; Notes: Means or agency of success.
15. יִצְלָֽח (yitslaḥ) – Root: צלח (tsalaḥ); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “shall succeed”; Notes: Indicates effectiveness or prospering of divine purpose.