Isaiah 63:11

וַיִּזְכֹּ֥ר יְמֵֽי־עֹולָ֖ם מֹשֶׁ֣ה עַמֹּ֑ו אַיֵּ֣ה הַֽמַּעֲלֵ֣ם מִיָּ֗ם אֵ֚ת רֹעֵ֣י צֹאנֹ֔ו אַיֵּ֛ה הַשָּׂ֥ם בְּקִרְבֹּ֖ו אֶת־ר֥וּחַ קָדְשֹֽׁו׃

Then he remembered the days of old—Moshe, his people: Where is He who brought them up from the sea with the shepherds of His flock? Where is He who put within him His Holy Spirit?

Morphology

1. וַיִּזְכֹּ֥ר (va-yizkor) – Root: זכר (zakhar); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “Then he remembered”; Notes: Marks a turning point—reflection on past divine actions.
2. יְמֵֽי־עֹולָ֖ם (yemei-ʿolam) – Root: יום (yom), עלם (ʿolam); Form: Construct noun masculine plural + noun masculine singular; Translation: “the days of old”; Notes: Refers to the time of the Exodus and earlier divine acts.
3. מֹשֶׁ֣ה (Mosheh) – Root: —; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Moshe”; Notes: Central prophetic figure and deliverer of Yisraʾel.
4. עַמֹּ֑ו (ammo) – Root: עם (ʿam); Form: Noun masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his people”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s people, linked to Moshe’s leadership.
5. אַיֵּ֣ה (ʾayyeh) – Root: —; Form: Interrogative particle; Translation: “Where is…?”; Notes: Rhetorical lament asking about God’s past saving presence.
6. הַֽמַּעֲלֵ֣ם (ha-maʿaleh-em) – Root: עלה (ʿalah); Form: Hifil participle masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix with definite article; Translation: “the one who brought them up”; Notes: Refers to the Exodus from the sea.
7. מִיָּ֗ם (mi-yam) – Root: ים (yam); Form: Preposition מִן + noun masculine singular; Translation: “from the sea”; Notes: Likely the Sea of Reeds (Red Sea) in context.
8. אֵ֚ת (et) – Form: Direct object marker; Translation: [untranslated]; Notes: Introduces the object of the verb “brought up.”
9. רֹעֵ֣י (roʿei) – Root: רעה (raʿah); Form: Qal active participle masculine plural construct; Translation: “the shepherds of”; Notes: Possibly refers to Moshe and Aharon as leaders.
10. צֹאנֹ֔ו (tsono) – Root: צאן (tson); Form: Noun collective feminine + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “His flock”; Notes: Metaphor for Yisraʾel as God’s people.
11. אַיֵּ֛ה (ʾayyeh) – Form: Interrogative; Translation: “Where is…?”; Notes: Repeated for emphasis.
12. הַשָּׂ֥ם (ha-sam) – Root: שׂים (sim); Form: Qal participle masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “the one who placed”; Notes: Refers to divine action of endowment.
13. בְּקִרְבֹּ֖ו (be-qirbo) – Root: קרב (qerev); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “within him”; Notes: May refer to Moshe or the people collectively.
14. אֶת־ר֥וּחַ (et-ruaḥ) – Root: רוח (ruaḥ); Form: Direct object marker + noun feminine singular; Translation: “the Spirit of”; Notes: Refers to divine Spirit as empowering presence.
15. קָדְשֹֽׁו (qodsho) – Root: קדשׁ (qodesh); Form: Noun masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “His holiness” or “His Holy [Spirit]”; Notes: Full phrase: “His Holy Spirit.”