Isaiah 63:2

מַדּ֥וּעַ אָדֹ֖ם לִלְבוּשֶׁ֑ךָ וּבְגָדֶ֖יךָ כְּדֹרֵ֥ךְ בְּגַֽת׃

Why is your clothing red, and your garments like one who treads in the winepress?

Morphology

1. מַדּ֥וּעַ (madduaʿ) – Root: דוע (yadaʿ, with prefixed מ); Form: Interrogative adverb; Translation: “Why?”; Notes: Introduces a question asking for cause or reason.
2. אָדֹ֖ם (adom) – Root: אדם (ʾadam); Form: Adjective masculine singular; Translation: “red”; Notes: Describes the appearance of the garments, suggesting blood or dye.
3. לִלְבוּשֶׁ֑ךָ (li-lvushekha) – Root: לבש (lavash); Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “your clothing”; Notes: Refers to the attire of the mysterious figure from Edom.
4. וּבְגָדֶ֖יךָ (u-vegadekha) – Root: בגד (beged); Form: Conjunction וּ + noun masculine plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and your garments”; Notes: Parallel to the previous clause, reinforcing the vivid image.
5. כְּדֹרֵ֥ךְ (ke-dorekh) – Root: דרך (darakh); Form: Preposition כְּ + Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “like one who treads”; Notes: Simile comparing the stained garments to a wine-treader.
6. בְּגַֽת (be-gat) – Root: גת (gat); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun feminine singular; Translation: “in the winepress”; Notes: Symbol of judgment or wrath imagery in prophetic literature.