פּוּרָ֣ה דָּרַ֣כְתִּי לְבַדִּ֗י וּמֵֽעַמִּים֙ אֵֽין־אִ֣ישׁ אִתִּ֔י וְאֶדְרְכֵ֣ם בְּאַפִּ֔י וְאֶרְמְסֵ֖ם בַּחֲמָתִ֑י וְיֵ֤ז נִצְחָם֙ עַל־בְּגָדַ֔י וְכָל־מַלְבּוּשַׁ֖י אֶגְאָֽלְתִּי׃
I have trodden the winepress alone, and from the peoples no man was with Me; and I trod them in My anger and trampled them in My wrath, and their lifeblood spattered on My garments, and all My clothing I have stained.
Morphology
- פּוּרָ֣ה (purah) – Root: פור (pur); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “winepress”; Notes: Symbol of divine judgment, crushing nations like grapes.
- דָּרַ֣כְתִּי (darakhti) – Root: דרך (darakh); Form: Qal perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I have trodden”; Notes: Refers to trampling grapes (or peoples in imagery) in wrath.
- לְבַדִּ֗י (levaddi) – Root: בדד (badad); Form: Preposition לְ + noun with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “alone”; Notes: Emphasizes isolation in executing judgment.
- וּמֵֽעַמִּים (u-meʿammim) – Root: עם (ʿam); Form: Conjunction וּ + preposition מִן + noun masculine plural; Translation: “and from the peoples”; Notes: Refers to the nations or gentiles.
- אֵֽין־אִ֣ישׁ (ein-ish) – Root: אין (ʾein) + איש (ʾish); Form: Negative existential + noun masculine singular; Translation: “no man”; Notes: Stresses divine solitude in the act of judgment.
- אִתִּ֔י (itti) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Preposition אֵת + first person singular suffix; Translation: “with Me”; Notes: Reinforces isolation of the speaker.
- וְאֶדְרְכֵ֣ם (ve-edrəkhem) – Root: דרך (darakh); Form: Qal imperfect 1st person singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “and I will tread them”; Notes: Continuation of the imagery of crushing in anger.
- בְּאַפִּ֔י (be-api) – Root: אף (af); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “in My anger”; Notes: Divine wrath as the motive of judgment.
- וְאֶרְמְסֵ֖ם (ve-ermesem) – Root: רמס (ramas); Form: Qal imperfect 1st person singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “and I will trample them”; Notes: Violent imagery consistent with winepress metaphor.
- בַּחֲמָתִ֑י (ba-ḥamati) – Root: חמה (ḥemah); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “in My wrath”; Notes: Synonymous with “anger,” intensifying the image.
- וְיֵ֤ז (ve-yez) – Root: יזז (possibly *naza*, or related root meaning “to spurt”); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and spattered”; Notes: Describes the action of blood spurting from trampling.
- נִצְחָם (nitsḥam) – Root: נצח (netsaḥ); Form: Noun masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “their lifeblood” or “juice”; Notes: Likely metaphor for blood, consistent with winepress imagery.
- עַל־בְּגָדַ֔י (ʿal-begaday) – Root: בגד (beged); Form: Preposition עַל + noun masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “on My garments”; Notes: Result of the trampling is stained clothing.
- וְכָל־מַלְבּוּשַׁ֖י (ve-khol-malbushaʾy) – Root: לבש (lavash); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “and all My clothing”; Notes: Reinforces the totality of the staining.
- אֶגְאָֽלְתִּי (egʾalti) – Root: גאל (gaʾal); Form: Qal perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I have stained”; Notes: Here the root means “to stain” rather than redeem, a rare or poetic usage in this context.