וַיִּֽירְא֣וּ הַמַּלָּחִ֗ים וַֽיִּזְעֲקוּ֮ אִ֣ישׁ אֶל־אֱלֹהָיו֒ וַיָּטִ֨לוּ אֶת־הַכֵּלִ֜ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר בָּֽאֳנִיָּה֙ אֶל־הַיָּ֔ם לְהָקֵ֖ל מֵֽעֲלֵיהֶ֑ם וְיֹונָ֗ה יָרַד֙ אֶל־יַרְכְּתֵ֣י הַסְּפִינָ֔ה וַיִּשְׁכַּ֖ב וַיֵּרָדַֽם׃
And the sailors were afraid, and each cried to his god, and they hurled the vessels that were in the ship into the sea to lighten it from upon them, but Yona had gone down into the recesses of the ship, and he lay down and fell asleep.
Morphology
- וַיִּֽירְא֣וּ (va-yirʾu) – Root: ירא (y-r-ʾ); Form: Conjunction וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp; Translation: “And they were afraid”; Notes: Describes the sailors’ terror at the storm.
- הַמַּלָּחִ֗ים (ha-mallachim) – Root: מלח (m-l-ḥ); Form: Definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “the sailors”; Notes: Professional seamen responsible for the ship.
- וַֽיִּזְעֲקוּ֮ (va-yizʿaqu) – Root: זעק (z-ʿ-q); Form: Conjunction וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp; Translation: “and they cried out”; Notes: A desperate cry for divine aid.
- אִ֣ישׁ (ish) – Root: אישׁ (ʾ-y-sh); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “each man”; Notes: Individual responses emphasized.
- אֶל־ (el) – Root: אל (ʾ-l); Form: Preposition אֶל; Translation: “to”; Notes: Introduces the object of prayer.
- אֱלֹהָיו֒ (elohav) – Root: אלוה (ʾ-l-w-h); Form: Noun masculine plural + suffix 3ms; Translation: “his god”; Notes: Polytheistic sailors each appeal to their own deity.
- וַיָּטִ֨לוּ (va-yattilu) – Root: נטל (n-t-l); Form: Conjunction וַ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3mp; Translation: “and they hurled”; Notes: Causative stem emphasizing deliberate action.
- אֶת־ (et) – Root: את (ʾ-t); Form: Direct object marker; Translation: —; Notes: Marks the object “the vessels.”
- הַכֵּלִ֜ים (ha-kelim) – Root: כלי (k-l-y); Form: Definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “the vessels / cargo”; Notes: Items thrown overboard to lighten the ship.
- אֲשֶׁ֤ר (asher) – Root: אשר (ʾ-sh-r); Form: Relative particle; Translation: “that / which”; Notes: Introduces a relative clause.
- בָּֽאֳנִיָּה֙ (ba’oniyyah) – Root: אנייה (ʾ-n-y-h); Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “in the ship”; Notes: Locative phrase for the cargo.
- אֶל־ (el) – Root: אל (ʾ-l); Form: Preposition אֶל; Translation: “into”; Notes: Directionally toward the sea.
- הַיָּ֔ם (ha-yam) – Root: ים (y-m); Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the sea”; Notes: The place where the cargo was thrown.
- לְהָקֵ֖ל (le-hakel) – Root: קלל (q-l-l); Form: Preposition לְ + Hiphil infinitive; Translation: “to lighten”; Notes: Purpose of jettisoning the cargo.
- מֵֽעֲלֵיהֶ֑ם (meʿalehem) – Root: על (ʿ-l); Form: Preposition מִן + preposition עַל + suffix 3mp; Translation: “from upon them”; Notes: Removing weight from the ship and sailors.
- וְיֹונָ֗ה (ve-Yonah) – Root: יונה (y-w-n-h); Form: Conjunction וְ + proper noun; Translation: “and Yonah”; Notes: Introduces contrasting action.
- יָרַד֙ (yarad) – Root: ירד (y-r-d); Form: Qal perfect 3ms; Translation: “had gone down”; Notes: Indicates earlier action.
- אֶל־ (el) – Root: אל (ʾ-l); Form: Preposition אֶל; Translation: “into”; Notes: Direction into the recesses of the ship.
- יַרְכְּתֵ֣י (yarketei) – Root: ירך (y-r-k); Form: Noun feminine plural construct; Translation: “the recesses of”; Notes: The innermost part of the vessel.
- הַסְּפִינָ֔ה (ha-sefinah) – Root: ספינה (s-f-n-h); Form: Definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the ship”; Notes: Another term for the vessel.
- וַיִּשְׁכַּ֖ב (va-yishkav) – Root: שׁכב (sh-k-v); Form: Conjunction וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms; Translation: “and he lay down”; Notes: Indicates withdrawal from the crisis.
- וַיֵּרָדַֽם (va-yeradam) – Root: רדם (r-d-m); Form: Conjunction וַ + Nifal wayyiqtol 3ms; Translation: “and he fell asleep”; Notes: A deep or heavy sleep, showing his detachment.