קֹ֤דֶשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לַיהוָ֔ה רֵאשִׁ֖ית תְּבוּאָתֹ֑ה כָּל־אֹכְלָ֣יו יֶאְשָׁ֔מוּ רָעָ֛ה תָּבֹ֥א אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ פ
Set-apart is Yisraʾel to YHWH, the first of His produce. All who eat it shall be held guilty; evil shall come upon them,” declares YHWH.’”
Morphology
- קֹ֤דֶשׁ (qodesh) – Root: קדשׁ; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “Set-apart” or “holy”; Notes: Refers to something consecrated for divine purpose. Here, Yisraʾel is described as consecrated to YHWH.
- יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ (Yisraʾel) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the nation, personified as a firstfruit offering to YHWH.
- לַיהוָ֔ה (la-YHWH) – Root: Divine name; Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “to YHWH”; Notes: Indicates possession or dedication.
- רֵאשִׁ֖ית (reʾshit) – Root: ראשׁ; Form: Noun feminine singular in construct; Translation: “the first” or “firstfruit”; Notes: Often used to describe what is due to YHWH at the start of a harvest.
- תְּבוּאָתֹ֑ה (tevuʾato) – Root: בוא; Form: Noun feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “His produce”; Notes: Refers metaphorically to Yisraʾel as YHWH’s first produce.
- כָּל־אֹכְלָ֣יו (kol-okhelav) – Root: אכל; Form: Noun “all” + participle masculine plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “all who eat it”; Notes: Those who consume or harm what is sacred will be judged.
- יֶאְשָׁ֔מוּ (yeʾashamu) – Root: אשׁם; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “shall be held guilty”; Notes: Refers to divine accountability for profaning the sacred.
- רָעָ֛ה (raʿah) – Root: רעע; Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “evil” or “disaster”; Notes: Denotes judgment or calamity resulting from guilt.
- תָּבֹ֥א (tavo) – Root: בוא; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “shall come”; Notes: Feminine to agree with רָעָה (“evil”).
- אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם (aleihem) – Root: אל; Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “upon them”; Notes: Refers to those who profane Yisraʾel.
- נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה (neʾum-YHWH) – Root: נאם; Form: Noun masculine singular construct + proper noun; Translation: “declaration of YHWH”; Notes: Prophetic formula asserting divine authority.