כִּ֣י כֹֽה־אָמַ֩ר יְהוָ֨ה צְבָאֹ֜ות אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל עֹ֣ל בַּרְזֶ֡ל נָתַ֜תִּי עַל־צַוַּ֣אר כָּל־הַגֹּויִ֣ם הָאֵ֗לֶּה לַעֲבֹ֛ד אֶת־נְבֻכַדְנֶאצַּ֥ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֖ל וַעֲבָדֻ֑הוּ וְגַ֛ם אֶת־חַיַּ֥ת הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה נָתַ֥תִּי לֹֽו׃
For thus said YHWH of Hosts, the God of Yisraʾel, “An iron yoke I have put upon the neck of all these nations, to serve Nebukadnetstsar king of Bavel, and they shall serve him; and even the beast of the field I have given to him.”’”
Morphology
- כִּ֣י (ki) – Root: כִּי; Form: conjunction; Translation: “for, because”; Notes: introduces causal clause, connecting to prior prophetic statement.
- כֹֽה־אָמַ֩ר (koh-amar) – Root: אָמַר; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “thus said”; Notes: prophetic formula introducing divine speech.
- יְהוָ֨ה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה; Form: proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Tetragrammaton, covenant name of God.
- צְבָאֹ֜ות (tseva’ot) – Root: צָבָא; Form: masculine plural construct; Translation: “of hosts”; Notes: denotes armies or heavenly hosts under divine command.
- אֱלֹהֵ֣י (Elohei) – Root: אֱלֹהִים; Form: masculine plural construct; Translation: “God of”; Notes: governing following proper noun in construct relationship.
- יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל (Yisraʾel) – Root: יִשְׂרָאֵל; Form: proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: name of the covenant nation.
- עֹ֣ל (ʿol) – Root: עֹל; Form: masculine singular absolute noun; Translation: “yoke”; Notes: metaphor for servitude or subjugation.
- בַּרְזֶ֡ל (barzel) – Root: בַּרְזֶל; Form: masculine singular absolute noun; Translation: “iron”; Notes: connotes strength and unbreakable bondage.
- נָתַ֜תִּי (natatti) – Root: נָתַן; Form: Qal perfect 1st person common singular; Translation: “I have put”; Notes: divine agency emphasized by perfect aspect.
- עַל־צַוַּ֣אר (ʿal-tsavvar) – Root: צַוָּאר; Form: preposition + masculine singular noun; Translation: “upon the neck”; Notes: imagery of binding burden to a beast or person.
- כָּל־הַגֹּויִ֣ם (kol-haggoyim) – Root: גּוֹי; Form: construct “all” + masculine plural definite noun; Translation: “all the nations”; Notes: universal scope of prophetic declaration.
- הָאֵ֗לֶּה (ha’elleh) – Root: אֵלֶּה; Form: demonstrative pronoun masculine plural; Translation: “these”; Notes: specifies the nations under discussion.
- לַעֲבֹ֛ד (laʿavod) – Root: עָבַד; Form: Qal infinitive construct with preposition; Translation: “to serve”; Notes: indicates purpose or result.
- אֶת־נְבֻכַדְנֶאצַּ֥ר (et-Nevukadnetstsar) – Root: Akkadian origin; Form: proper noun; Translation: “Nebukadnetstsar”; Notes: Babylonian king.
- מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֖ל (melekh-Bavel) – Root: מֶלֶךְ + בָּבֶל; Form: construct chain; Translation: “king of Bavel”; Notes: Babylon as imperial power.
- וַעֲבָדֻ֑הוּ (vaʿavaduhu) – Root: עָבַד; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and they shall serve him”; Notes: waw-consecutive with perfect for future sense.
- וְגַ֛ם (vegam) – Root: גַּם; Form: conjunction; Translation: “and also”; Notes: additive emphasis.
- אֶת־חַיַּ֥ת (et-ḥayyat) – Root: חַיָּה; Form: feminine singular construct; Translation: “the beast of”; Notes: refers to animal life.
- הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה (hasadeh) – Root: שָׂדֶה; Form: masculine singular absolute with definite article; Translation: “the field”; Notes: denotes open country or wild habitat.
- נָתַ֥תִּי (natatti) – Root: נָתַן; Form: Qal perfect 1st person common singular; Translation: “I have given”; Notes: repetition for emphasis of divine sovereignty.
- לֹֽו (lo) – Root: לְ + הוּא; Form: preposition + pronoun 3rd masculine singular; Translation: “to him”; Notes: refers back to Nebukadnetstsar.