לֹ֣א כַבְּרִ֗ית אֲשֶׁ֤ר כָּרַ֨תִּי֙ אֶת־אֲבֹותָ֔ם בְּיֹום֙ הֶחֱזִיקִ֣י בְיָדָ֔ם לְהֹוצִיאָ֖ם מֵאֶ֖רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם אֲשֶׁר־הֵ֜מָּה הֵפֵ֣רוּ אֶת־בְּרִיתִ֗י וְאָנֹכִ֛י בָּעַ֥לְתִּי בָ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃
not like the covenant which I cut with their fathers on the day I took hold of their hand to bring them out from the land of Mitsrayim, which they broke My covenant, though I was a husband to them,” declares YHWH.
Morphology
- לֹא (lo) – Root: לא; Form: Negative particle; Translation: “Not”; Notes: Negates the nature of the covenant to be made, distinguishing it from the previous one.
- כַבְּרִית (ka-bberit) – Root: ברית; Form: Preposition + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “like the covenant”; Notes: Expresses comparison.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces a descriptive clause.
- כָּרַתִּי (karati) – Root: כרת; Form: Qal perfect 1st person common singular; Translation: “I cut”; Notes: Idiomatic for making a covenant.
- אֶת־אֲבֹותָם (et-avotam) – Root: אב; Form: Direct object marker + noun masculine plural construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “with their fathers”; Notes: Refers to the ancestors of Yisraʾel.
- בְּיֹום (be-yom) – Root: יום; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “on the day”; Notes: Marks the specific time of the event.
- הֶחֱזִיקִי (heḥeziqi) – Root: חזק; Form: Hiphil infinitive construct with 1st person common singular suffix; Translation: “I took hold”; Notes: Hiphil conveys causative nuance—actively grasping.
- בְיָדָם (ve-yadam) – Root: יד; Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “of their hand”; Notes: Symbolic of guidance and authority.
- לְהֹוצִיאָם (le-hotziʾam) – Root: יצא; Form: Hiphil infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “to bring them out”; Notes: Causative—bringing out from bondage.
- מֵאֶרֶץ (me-erets) – Root: ארץ; Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “from the land”; Notes: Locative phrase.
- מִצְרָיִם (Mitsrayim) – Root: מצרים; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Mitsrayim”; Notes: Refers to Egypt.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces a subordinate clause.
- הֵמָּה (hemmah) – Root: הוא; Form: Independent pronoun masculine plural; Translation: “they”; Notes: Emphatic subject.
- הֵפֵרוּ (heferu) – Root: פרר; Form: Hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “broke”; Notes: Causative—nullifying or violating the covenant.
- אֶת־בְּרִיתִי (et-beriti) – Root: ברית; Form: Direct object marker + noun feminine singular with 1st person common singular suffix; Translation: “My covenant”; Notes: The covenant established by YHWH with their fathers.
- וְאָנֹכִי (ve-anokhi) – Root: אנכי; Form: Independent pronoun 1st person common singular with conjunction; Translation: “and I”; Notes: Emphatic self-reference by YHWH.
- בָּעַלְתִּי (baʿalti) – Root: בעל; Form: Qal perfect 1st person common singular; Translation: “was a husband to”; Notes: Covenant metaphor depicting YHWH as the faithful spouse.
- בָם (vam) – Root: ב; Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “to them”; Notes: Relates the covenantal role to the people.
- נְאֻם־יְהוָה (neʾum-YHWH) – Root: נאם; Form: Noun masculine singular construct + proper noun; Translation: “declares YHWH”; Notes: Formal prophetic statement.