לֹא דֻכְּאוּ עַד הַיֹּום הַזֶּה וְלֹא יָרְאוּ וְלֹא־הָלְכוּ בְתֹורָתִי וּבְחֻקֹּתַי אֲשֶׁר־נָתַתִּי לִפְנֵיכֶם וְלִפְנֵי אֲבֹותֵיכֶם׃ ס
They have not been humbled until this day, and they have not feared, and they have not walked in My Torah and in My statutes which I set before you and before your fathers.’
Morphology
- לֹא (lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Negates the verb.
- דֻכְּאוּ (dukkeʾu) – Root: דכא (dakaʾ); Form: Pual perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they were humbled”; Notes: Passive form, indicating they did not submit themselves.
- עַד (ʿad) – Root: עד (ʿad); Form: Preposition; Translation: “until”; Notes: Marks the limit in time.
- הַיֹּום (ha-yom) – Root: יום (yom); Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the day”; Notes: Refers to the present time.
- הַזֶּה (ha-zeh) – Root: Demonstrative; Form: Masculine singular pronoun; Translation: “this”; Notes: Specifies the present moment.
- וְלֹא (ve-lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Conjunction + negative particle; Translation: “and not”; Notes: Continues negative clauses.
- יָרְאוּ (yarʾu) – Root: ירא (yaraʾ); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they feared”; Notes: Refers to reverence or awe toward YHWH, here denied.
- וְלֹא־הָלְכוּ (ve-lo-halkhu) – Root: הלך (halakh); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they did not walk”; Notes: Idiomatic for conduct or behavior.
- בְתֹורָתִי (be-torati) – Root: תורה (torah); Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “in My Torah”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s instruction/law.
- וּבְחֻקֹּתַי (u-ve-ḥuqqotai) – Root: חקק (ḥaqaq); Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun masculine plural + 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “and in My statutes”; Notes: Prescribed regulations of YHWH.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: Particle; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces relative clause.
- נָתַתִּי (natatti) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Qal perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I gave / I set”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s granting of the law.
- לִפְנֵיכֶם (lifneikhem) – Root: פנים (panim); Form: Preposition + noun masculine plural construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “before you”; Notes: Indicates presentation or placement before the people.
- וְלִפְנֵי (ve-lifnei) – Root: פנים (panim); Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “and before”; Notes: Parallel structure.
- אֲבֹותֵיכֶם (avotekhem) – Root: אב (ʾav); Form: Noun masculine plural construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “your fathers”; Notes: Refers to the ancestors of Yehudah.