הֲלֹ֣וא אֶת־הַקִּטֵּ֗ר אֲשֶׁ֨ר קִטַּרְתֶּ֜ם בְּעָרֵ֤י יְהוּדָה֙ וּבְחֻצֹ֣ות יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם אַתֶּ֧ם וַאֲבֹותֵיכֶ֛ם מַלְכֵיכֶ֥ם וְשָׂרֵיכֶ֖ם וְעַ֣ם הָאָ֑רֶץ אֹתָם֙ זָכַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה וַתַּעֲלֶ֖ה עַל־לִבֹּֽו׃
“Did not the incense-burning that you burned in the cities of Yehuda and in the streets of Yerushalayim, you and your fathers, your kings and your princes and the people of the land, those things YHWH remembered, and it came up upon His heart?
Morphology
- הֲלֹוא (halo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Interrogative particle with negative; Translation: “Did not”; Notes: Introduces a rhetorical question.
- אֶת־ (et) – Root: Particle; Form: Direct object marker; Translation: —; Notes: Marks the definite object.
- הַקִּטֵּר (ha-qitter) – Root: קטר (qatar); Form: Definite noun masculine singular (infinitive used substantively); Translation: “the incense-burning”; Notes: Refers to the cultic act of offering incense.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: —; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces relative clause.
- קִטַּרְתֶּם (qittartem) – Root: קטר (qatar); Form: Piel perfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “you burned incense”; Notes: Direct address to the people.
- בְּעָרֵי (be-ʿarei) – Root: עיר (ʿir); Form: Preposition + noun feminine plural construct; Translation: “in the cities of”; Notes: Locative expression.
- יְהוּדָה (Yehudah) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Proper name; Translation: “Yehudah”; Notes: Refers to the southern kingdom.
- וּבְחֻצֹות (u-ve-ḥutzot) – Root: חוץ (ḥutz); Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun feminine plural; Translation: “and in the streets of”; Notes: Public locations in the city.
- יְרוּשָׁלִַם (Yerushalayim) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Proper name; Translation: “Yerushalayim”; Notes: The capital city of Yehudah.
- אַתֶּם (attem) – Root: Pronoun; Form: Independent pronoun masculine plural; Translation: “you”; Notes: Subject of the clause.
- וַאֲבֹותֵיכֶם (va-avotekhem) – Root: אב (av); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine plural construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “and your fathers”; Notes: Refers to ancestors.
- מַלְכֵיכֶם (malkeikhem) – Root: מלך (melek); Form: Noun masculine plural construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “your kings”; Notes: Rulers of Yehudah.
- וְשָׂרֵיכֶם (ve-sareikhem) – Root: שר (sar); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine plural construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “and your princes”; Notes: Nobility or officials.
- וְעַם (ve-ʿam) – Root: עם (ʿam); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and the people”; Notes: Refers to the general populace.
- הָאָרֶץ (ha-aretz) – Root: ארץ (ʾaretz); Form: Definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “of the land”; Notes: Inhabitants of the land of Yehudah.
- אֹתָם (ʾotam) – Root: את; Form: Direct object marker + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “those things”; Notes: Refers to the incense rituals.
- זָכַר (zakhar) – Root: זכר (zakhar); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “remembered”; Notes: YHWH recalled their actions.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: Divine Name; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The Tetragrammaton, covenant God of Yisraʾel.
- וַתַּעֲלֶה (va-taʿaleh) – Root: עלה (ʿalah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “and it came up”; Notes: Figurative of memory rising.
- עַל־לִבּוֹ (ʿal-libbo) – Root: לב (lev); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “upon His heart/mind”; Notes: Anthropomorphism for divine remembrance.