מִפְּנֵי אֲשֶׁר קִטַּרְתֶּם וַאֲשֶׁר חֲטָאתֶם לַיהוָה וְלֹא שְׁמַעְתֶּם בְּקֹול יְהוָה וּבְתֹרָתֹו וּבְחֻקֹּתָיו וּבְעֵדְוֹתָיו לֹא הֲלַכְתֶּם עַל־כֵּן קָרָאת אֶתְכֶם הָרָעָה הַזֹּאת כַּיֹּום הַזֶּה׃ ס
Because you burned incense and because you sinned against YHWH and did not listen to the voice of YHWH, and in His Torah and in His statutes and in His testimonies you did not walk, therefore this evil has happened to you as this day.”
Morphology
- מִפְּנֵי (mi-penei) – Root: פנה (panim); Form: Preposition + plural construct; Translation: “because of”; Notes: Introduces causal clause.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: —; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “that / because”; Notes: Introduces dependent clause.
- קִטַּרְתֶּם (qittartem) – Root: קטר (qatar); Form: Piel perfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “you burned incense”; Notes: Cultic act directed toward other gods.
- וַאֲשֶׁר (va-ʾasher) – Root: —; Form: Conjunction + relative pronoun; Translation: “and because”; Notes: Adds another causal element.
- חֲטָאתֶם (ḥataʾtem) – Root: חטא (ḥataʾ); Form: Qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “you sinned”; Notes: Moral and religious violation.
- לַיהוָה (la-YHWH) – Root: Divine name; Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “against YHWH”; Notes: Direct offense against God.
- וְלֹא (ve-lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Conjunction + negative particle; Translation: “and not”; Notes: Negates following verb.
- שְׁמַעְתֶּם (shemʿatem) – Root: שׁמע (shamaʿ); Form: Qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “you listened”; Notes: Indicates obedience.
- בְּקֹול (be-qol) – Root: קול (qol); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “to the voice of”; Notes: Refers to command or instruction.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: Divine name; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: God as covenantal authority.
- וּבְתֹורָתֹו (u-ve-torato) – Root: תורה (torah); Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and in His Torah”; Notes: Divine instruction.
- וּבְחֻקֹּתָיו (u-ve-ḥuqqotav) – Root: חקק (ḥaqaq); Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun feminine plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and in His statutes”; Notes: Binding regulations.
- וּבְעֵדְוֹתָיו (u-ve-ʿedotav) – Root: עדה (ʿedut); Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun feminine plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and in His testimonies”; Notes: Divine decrees or covenant witnesses.
- לֹא (lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Reinforces disobedience.
- הֲלַכְתֶּם (halakhtem) – Root: הלך (halakh); Form: Qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “you walked”; Notes: Metaphor for conduct.
- עַל־כֵּן (ʿal-ken) – Root: —; Form: Preposition + adverb; Translation: “therefore”; Notes: Marks conclusion/result.
- קָרָאת (qarat) – Root: קרה (qarah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “happened”; Notes: Feminine subject is “evil.”
- אֶתְכֶם (etkhem) – Root: Particle; Form: Direct object marker + 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “to you”; Notes: Denotes those affected.
- הָרָעָה (ha-raʿah) – Root: רעע (raʿaʿ); Form: Definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the evil”; Notes: Calamity or disaster.
- הַזֹּאת (ha-zot) – Root: זה (zeh); Form: Demonstrative pronoun feminine singular; Translation: “this”; Notes: Emphasizes specificity.
- כַּיֹּום (ka-yom) – Root: יום (yom); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “as the day”; Notes: Refers to present reality.
- הַזֶּה (ha-zeh) – Root: זה (zeh); Form: Demonstrative pronoun masculine singular; Translation: “this”; Notes: Final emphasis on current situation.