אָמַר֩ יְהוָ֨ה צְבָאֹ֜ות אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הִנְנִ֤י פֹוקֵד֙ אֶל־אָמֹ֣ון מִנֹּ֔א וְעַל־פַּרְעֹה֙ וְעַל־מִצְרַ֔יִם וְעַל־אֱלֹהֶ֖יהָ וְעַל־מְלָכֶ֑יהָ וְעַ֨ל־פַּרְעֹ֔ה וְעַ֥ל הַבֹּטְחִ֖ים בֹּֽו׃
Thus says YHWH of Hosts, the God of Yisraʾel: “Behold, I am about to punish Amon of No, and Parʿo, and Mitsrayim, and her gods, and her kings, even Parʿo, and those who trust in him.
Morphology
- אָמַר (ʾamar) – Root: אמר; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “said”; Notes: Prophetic introduction formula.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: Divine name; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant name of Israel’s God.
- צְבָאֹות (tsevaʾot) – Root: צבא; Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “of hosts”; Notes: Title emphasizing YHWH’s rule over heavenly armies.
- אֱלֹהֵי (ʾelohei) – Root: אלה; Form: Construct plural with 1cs suffix implied; Translation: “God of”; Notes: Genitive construct referring to Yisraʾel.
- יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisraʾel) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Proper personal name; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: The covenant people of YHWH.
- הִנְנִי (hineni) – Root: הנה; Form: Particle + 1cs suffix; Translation: “Behold, I”; Notes: Emphasizes imminent divine action.
- פֹוקֵד (poqed) – Root: פקד; Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “I am about to punish / attend to”; Notes: Imminent, continuous action.
- אֶל־אָמֹון (el-Amon) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Preposition + proper name; Translation: “Amon”; Notes: Egyptian deity, often identified with Theban Amun.
- מִנֹּא (mi-No) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Preposition + proper name; Translation: “of No”; Notes: Refers to Thebes in Egypt, major cultic center of Amon.
- וְעַל־פַּרְעֹה (ve-ʿal-Parʿo) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Conjunction + preposition + proper name; Translation: “and upon Parʿo”; Notes: The Pharaoh of Egypt.
- וְעַל־מִצְרַיִם (ve-ʿal-Mitsrayim) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Conjunction + preposition + proper place name; Translation: “and upon Mitsrayim”; Notes: Refers to Egypt.
- וְעַל־אֱלֹהֶיהָ (ve-ʿal-ʾeloheha) – Root: אלה; Form: Conjunction + preposition + plural noun + 3fs suffix; Translation: “and upon her gods”; Notes: Refers to Egyptian deities.
- וְעַל־מְלָכֶיהָ (ve-ʿal-melakheha) – Root: מלך; Form: Conjunction + preposition + plural noun masculine + 3fs suffix; Translation: “and upon her kings”; Notes: Refers to Pharaoh’s dynasty and ruling officials.
- וְעַל־פַּרְעֹה (ve-ʿal-Parʿo) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Conjunction + preposition + proper name (repeated); Translation: “and upon Parʿo”; Notes: Repetition adds emphasis on Pharaoh as Egypt’s chief figure.
- וְעַל־הַבֹּטְחִים (ve-ʿal-habotḥim) – Root: בטח; Form: Conjunction + preposition + Qal participle masculine plural with article; Translation: “and upon those who trust”; Notes: Refers to the Egyptians and allies relying on Pharaoh’s power.
- בֹּו (bo) – Root: בו; Form: Preposition + 3ms suffix; Translation: “in him”; Notes: Refers specifically to trust placed in Pharaoh.