Jeremiah 48:43

פַּ֥חַד וָפַ֖חַת וָפָ֑ח עָלֶ֛יךָ יֹושֵׁ֥ב מֹואָ֖ב נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃

Terror, and pit, and snare are upon you, O inhabitant of Moʾav,” declares YHWH.

Morphology

1. פַּחַד (paḥad) – Root: פחד; Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “terror”; Notes: Represents dread of coming judgment.
2. וָפַחַת (va-faḥat) – Root: פחת; Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “and pit”; Notes: A metaphor for destruction or calamity.
3. וָפָח (va-faḥ) – Root: פוח (or possibly onomatopoetic, “snare, trap”); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “and snare”; Notes: Completes the triad of peril: terror, pitfall, and trap.
4. עָלֶיךָ (ʿalekha) – Root: —; Form: Preposition עַל + second person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “upon you”; Notes: Direct address to Moʾav.
5. יֹושֵׁב (yoshev) – Root: ישׁב; Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “inhabitant”; Notes: Vocative, addressing Moʾav as a dwelling nation.
6. מֹואָב (Moʾav) – Root: —; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Moʾav”; Notes: Nation being addressed in YHWH’s judgment oracle.
7. נְאֻם־ (nəʾum-) – Root: נאם; Form: Noun masculine singular construct with maqaf; Translation: “utterance of”; Notes: Standard prophetic formula introducing divine authority.
8. יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: הוה/יהוה; Form: Proper noun, divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Source of the oracle, emphasizing its divine certainty.