לָכֵ֞ן כֹּה־אָמַ֣ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהֹוִ֗ה הִנֵּ֨ה אַפִּ֤י וַֽחֲמָתִי֙ נִתֶּ֨כֶת֙ אֶל־הַמָּקֹ֣ום הַזֶּ֔ה עַל־הָֽאָדָם֙ וְעַל־הַבְּהֵמָ֔ה וְעַל־עֵ֥ץ הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה וְעַל־פְּרִ֣י הָֽאֲדָמָ֑ה וּבָעֲרָ֖ה וְלֹ֥א תִכְבֶּֽה׃ ס
Therefore, thus said my Lord YHWH: “Behold, My anger and My wrath are poured out upon this place, upon the human and upon the beast and upon the tree of the field and upon the fruit of the ground; and it shall burn and not be quenched.”
Morphology
- לָכֵ֞ן (lakhen) – Root: כן; Form: Adverb; Translation: “therefore”; Notes: Introduces a consequence or result.
- כֹּה־אָמַ֣ר (koh-amar) – Root: אמר; Form: Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular with demonstrative particle; Translation: “thus said”; Notes: Prophetic formula.
- אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהֹוִ֗ה (ʾAdonai YHWH) – Root: אדן / היה; Form: Noun (title) + proper divine name; Translation: “my Lord YHWH”; Notes: Compound divine name often used in prophetic speech.
- הִנֵּ֨ה (hinneh) – Root: הנה; Form: Interjection; Translation: “behold”; Notes: Emphasizes or introduces dramatic announcement.
- אַפִּ֤י (appi) – Root: אף; Form: Noun masculine singular construct + 1cs suffix; Translation: “My anger”; Notes: Expresses divine wrath.
- וַֽחֲמָתִי֙ (va-ḥamati) – Root: חמה; Form: Noun feminine singular construct + 1cs suffix; Translation: “and My wrath”; Notes: Parallel to “anger” intensifying divine judgment.
- נִתֶּ֨כֶת (nittekhet) – Root: נתך; Form: Nifal perfect feminine singular; Translation: “is poured out”; Notes: Passive/reflexive voice; vivid imagery of wrath as fluid.
- אֶל־הַמָּקֹ֣ום (el-ha-maqom) – Root: קום; Form: Preposition + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “upon the place”; Notes: Refers to a specific location, likely Jerusalem.
- הַזֶּ֔ה (hazzeh) – Root: זה; Form: Demonstrative adjective masculine singular; Translation: “this”; Notes: Modifies “place.”
- עַל־הָאָדָם (ʿal-haʾadam) – Root: אדם; Form: Preposition + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “upon the human”; Notes: Generic term for mankind.
- וְעַל־הַבְּהֵמָה (veʿal-ha-behemah) – Root: בהם; Form: Preposition + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “and upon the beast”; Notes: Includes domesticated animals.
- וְעַל־עֵץ הַשָּׂדֶה (veʿal-ʿets ha-sadeh) – Root: עץ / שדה; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular + definite construct; Translation: “and upon the tree of the field”; Notes: Broadly refers to vegetation or orchard trees.
- וְעַל־פְּרִי הָאֲדָמָה (veʿal-peri haʾadamah) – Root: פרה / אדמ; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular construct + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “and upon the fruit of the ground”; Notes: Crop yield as target of judgment.
- וּבָעֲרָה (u-vaʿarah) – Root: בער; Form: Conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular; Translation: “and it shall burn”; Notes: Refers to the fire ignited by divine wrath.
- וְלֹ֥א תִכְבֶּֽה (ve-loʾ tikhbeh) – Root: כבה; Form: Conjunction + negative + Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular; Translation: “and it shall not be quenched”; Notes: Emphasizes the irreversible nature of the judgment.