Joshua 18:12

וַיְהִ֨י לָהֶ֧ם הַגְּב֛וּל לִפְאַ֥ת צָפֹ֖ונָה מִן־הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וְעָלָ֣ה הַגְּבוּל֩ אֶל־כֶּ֨תֶף יְרִיחֹ֜ו מִצָּפֹ֗ון וְעָלָ֤ה בָהָר֙ יָ֔מָּה וְהָיָה תֹּֽצְאֹתָ֔יו מִדְבַּ֖רָה בֵּ֥ית אָֽוֶן׃

And their border was on the northern side from the Yarden, and the border went up to the shoulder of Yeriḥo from the north and went up into the hill country westward, and its end was at the wilderness of Beit Aven.

Morphology

1. וַיְהִ֨י (vayehi) – Root: היה (hyh); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And it was”; Notes: Introduces the description of the border.
2. לָהֶ֧ם (lahem) – Root: ל (l) + הם (hm); Form: Preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “for them”; Notes: Refers to the people inheriting the land.
3. הַגְּב֛וּל (ha-gevul) – Root: גבול (gbwl); Form: Noun, masculine singular, definite; Translation: “the border”; Notes: Refers to the boundary of their inheritance.
4. לִפְאַ֥ת (lif’at) – Root: פאה (pʾh); Form: Noun, feminine singular construct; Translation: “to the side of”; Notes: Indicates a directional region.
5. צָפֹ֖ונָה (tsafonah) – Root: צפון (ṣpwn); Form: Adverb; Translation: “to the north”; Notes: Describes the northern boundary.
6. מִן־הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן (min-haYarden) – Root: ירדן (yrdn); Form: Preposition with proper noun; Translation: “from the Yarden”; Notes: Specifies the starting point of the border.
7. וְעָלָ֣ה (veʿalah) – Root: עלה (ʿlh); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And it went up”; Notes: Describes the border’s movement.
8. הַגְּבוּל֩ (ha-gevul) – Root: גבול (gbwl); Form: Noun, masculine singular, definite; Translation: “the border”; Notes: Further describes the boundary.
9. אֶל־כֶּ֨תֶף (el-ketef) – Root: כתף (kṭp); Form: Noun, feminine singular construct; Translation: “to the shoulder of”; Notes: Refers to the slope or side of a location.
10. יְרִיחֹ֜ו (Yeriḥo) – Root: יריחו (yriḥw); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yeriḥo”; Notes: Refers to the city of Jericho.
11. מִצָּפֹ֗ון (miṣafon) – Root: צפון (ṣpwn); Form: Preposition with noun; Translation: “from the north”; Notes: Indicates direction.
12. וְעָלָ֤ה (veʿalah) – Root: עלה (ʿlh); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And it went up”; Notes: Continues the movement of the boundary.
13. בָהָר֙ (bahar) – Root: הר (hr); Form: Noun, masculine singular with preposition; Translation: “into the hill country”; Notes: Specifies the geographical feature.
14. יָ֔מָּה (yamah) – Root: ים (ym); Form: Adverb; Translation: “westward”; Notes: Indicates direction.
15. וְהָיָה (vehayah) – Root: היה (hyh); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And it was”; Notes: Introduces the final destination of the border.
16. תֹּֽצְאֹתָ֔יו (totze’otav) – Root: יצא (yṣʾ); Form: Noun, feminine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “its end”; Notes: Describes the termination of the border.
17. מִדְבַּ֖רָה (midbarah) – Root: מדבר (mdbʾr); Form: Noun, masculine singular with direction suffix; Translation: “toward the wilderness”; Notes: Indicates the final region.
18. בֵּ֥ית אָֽוֶן (Beit Aven) – Root: בית און (byt ʾwn); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Beit Aven”; Notes: Name of a location, possibly near Bethel.