מִפְּנֵ֤י שֵׂיבָה֙ תָּק֔וּם וְהָדַרְתָּ֖ פְּנֵ֣י זָקֵ֑ן וְיָרֵ֥אתָ מֵּאֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ פ
Before the aged you shall rise, and you shall honor the presence of the elder, and you shall fear your God. I am YHWH.
Morphology
- מִפְּנֵ֤י (mipnei) – Root: פנה (p-n-h); Form: Preposition + noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “Before”; Notes: Indicates respect or deference.
- שֵׂיבָה֙ (seivah) – Root: שׂיב (s-v-b); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “Aged”; Notes: Refers to advanced age or gray hair.
- תָּק֔וּם (takum) – Root: קום (q-u-m); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “You shall rise”; Notes: Command to show respect by standing.
- וְהָדַרְתָּ֖ (ve-hadarta) – Root: הדר (h-d-r); Form: Piel perfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “You shall honor”; Notes: Refers to showing respect or reverence.
- פְּנֵ֣י (pnei) – Root: פנה (p-n-h); Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “The presence of”; Notes: Indicates facing or presence.
- זָקֵ֑ן (zaken) – Root: זקן (z-q-n); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “The elder”; Notes: Refers to an older person, often with connotations of wisdom.
- וְיָרֵ֥אתָ (ve-yareta) – Root: ירא (y-r-ʾ); Form: Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “And you shall fear”; Notes: Refers to reverential awe or respect, often directed toward God.
- מֵּאֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ (me-eloheikha) – Root: אלה (ʾ-l-h); Form: Preposition + noun masculine plural construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “Your God”; Notes: Indicates covenant relationship.
- אֲנִ֥י (ani) – Root: אנ (ʾ-n); Form: Pronoun 1st person singular; Translation: “I”; Notes: Stresses YHWH’s identity.
- יְהוָֽה (YHWH) – Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The personal name of God, emphasizing His authority.