שֵׁ֣שֶׁת יָמִים֮ תֵּעָשֶׂ֣ה מְלָאכָה֒ וּבַיֹּ֣ום הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י שַׁבַּ֤ת שַׁבָּתֹון֙ מִקְרָא־קֹ֔דֶשׁ כָּל־מְלָאכָ֖ה לֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֑וּ שַׁבָּ֥ת הִוא֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה בְּכֹ֖ל מֹֽושְׁבֹתֵיכֶֽם׃
Six days work shall be done, but the seventh day is a Sabbath of solemn rest, a holy convocation. You shall not do any work; it is a Sabbath to YHWH in all your dwellings.
Morphology
- שֵׁ֣שֶׁת (sheshet) – Root: שש (sh-sh); Form: Masculine singular absolute numeral; Translation: “Six”; Notes: Refers to the six days of the week for labor.
- יָמִים֮ (yamim) – Root: יום (y-w-m); Form: Masculine plural absolute noun; Translation: “Days”; Notes: Specifies the period of time.
- תֵּעָשֶׂ֣ה (te’aseh) – Root: עשה (ʿ-s-h); Form: Nifal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “Shall be done”; Notes: Indicates passive action.
- מְלָאכָה֒ (melachah) – Root: מלאך (m-l-ʾ-k); Form: Feminine singular absolute noun; Translation: “Work”; Notes: Refers to labor or tasks performed during the six days.
- וּבַיֹּ֣ום (u’vayom) – Root: יום (y-w-m); Form: Conjunction ו with preposition ב and masculine singular noun; Translation: “And on the day”; Notes: Introduces the seventh day.
- הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י (ha-shevii) – Root: שבע (sh-b-ʿ); Form: Masculine singular ordinal number; Translation: “The seventh”; Notes: Refers to the Sabbath day.
- שַׁבַּ֤ת (shabbat) – Root: שבת (sh-b-t); Form: Feminine singular absolute noun; Translation: “Sabbath”; Notes: Indicates rest and cessation from work.
- שַׁבָּתֹון֙ (shabbaton) – Root: שבת (sh-b-t); Form: Feminine singular absolute noun; Translation: “Solemn rest”; Notes: Emphasizes the sacred rest of the Sabbath.
- מִקְרָא־קֹ֔דֶשׁ (mikra-qodesh) – Root: קרא (q-r-ʾ) / קדש (q-d-sh); Form: Construct noun phrase; Translation: “A holy convocation”; Notes: Refers to a gathering for sacred purposes.
- כָּל־מְלָאכָ֖ה (kol-melachah) – Root: מלאך (m-l-ʾ-k); Form: Construct phrase with feminine singular noun; Translation: “Any work”; Notes: Specifies all forms of labor prohibited on the Sabbath.
- לֹ֣א (lo) – Root: לא (l-ʾ); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “Not”; Notes: Negates the following verb.
- תַעֲשׂ֑וּ (ta’asu) – Root: עשה (ʿ-s-h); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “You shall do”; Notes: Prohibits work on the Sabbath.
- שַׁבָּ֥ת (shabbat) – Root: שבת (sh-b-t); Form: Feminine singular absolute noun; Translation: “A Sabbath”; Notes: Reiterates the nature of the day.
- הִוא֙ (hi) – Root: הוא (h-w); Form: 3rd person feminine singular pronoun; Translation: “It is”; Notes: Emphasizes the Sabbath.
- לַֽיהוָ֔ה (la-YHWH) – Root: יהוה (y-h-w-h); Form: Preposition ל with divine name; Translation: “To YHWH”; Notes: Declares the Sabbath as belonging to God.
- בְּכֹ֖ל (b’khol) – Root: כל (k-l); Form: Preposition ב with construct noun; Translation: “In all”; Notes: Indicates scope.
- מֹֽושְׁבֹתֵיכֶֽם׃ (moshvoteichem) – Root: ישב (y-sh-b); Form: Masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “Your dwellings”; Notes: Refers to the places where the people live.