יֹובֵ֣ל הִ֗וא שְׁנַ֛ת הַחֲמִשִּׁ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה תִּהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֑ם לֹ֣א תִזְרָ֔עוּ וְלֹ֤א תִקְצְרוּ֙ אֶת־סְפִיחֶ֔יהָ וְלֹ֥א תִבְצְר֖וּ אֶת־נְזִרֶֽיהָ׃
The Jubilee—it shall be the fiftieth year for you. You shall not sow, nor shall you reap its self-sown produce, nor gather the grapes of its untrimmed vines.
Morphology
- יֹובֵ֣ל (yo·vel) – Root: יובל (y-v-l); Form: Masculine singular noun; Translation: “Jubilee”; Notes: Refers to the special fiftieth year designated for freedom and restoration.
- הִ֗וא (hi) – Root: הוא (h-w-ʾ); Form: Pronoun, feminine singular; Translation: “It is”; Notes: Indicates the subject “Jubilee” as the focus.
- שְׁנַ֛ת (sh’nat) – Root: שנה (sh-n-h); Form: Construct form of feminine singular noun; Translation: “The year of”; Notes: Links to “fiftieth” in the construct chain.
- הַחֲמִשִּׁ֥ים (ha-ḥa·mi·shim) – Root: חמש (ḥ-m-sh); Form: Adjective, masculine plural; Translation: “Fiftieth”; Notes: Modifies “year” to specify the Jubilee cycle.
- שָׁנָ֖ה (shanah) – Root: שנה (sh-n-h); Form: Feminine singular noun; Translation: “Year”; Notes: Repeats for emphasis on the fiftieth year.
- תִּהְיֶ֣ה (ti·h’yeh) – Root: היה (h-y-h); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “It shall be”; Notes: Indicates a declaration about the Jubilee year.
- לָכֶ֑ם (la·khem) – Root: לכם (l-k-m); Form: Preposition ל with 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “For you”; Notes: Addresses the Israelites directly.
- לֹ֣א (lo) – Root: לא (l-ʾ); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “Not”; Notes: Negates the following actions.
- תִזְרָ֔עוּ (tiz·ra·u) – Root: זרע (z-r-ʿ); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “You shall sow”; Notes: Refers to agricultural activity forbidden during the Jubilee.
- וְלֹ֤א (v’lo) – Root: לא (l-ʾ); Form: Conjunction ו with negative particle; Translation: “Nor”; Notes: Connects prohibitions regarding agricultural practices.
- תִקְצְרוּ֙ (tik·tze·ru) – Root: קצר (q-ṣ-r); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “You shall reap”; Notes: Refers to harvesting self-grown crops.
- אֶת־סְפִיחֶ֔יהָ (et-s’fi·che·ha) – Root: ספח (s-p-ḥ); Form: Direct object marker את with noun, feminine plural with 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “Its self-sown produce”; Notes: Refers to crops that grow without intentional sowing.
- וְלֹ֥א (v’lo) – Root: לא (l-ʾ); Form: Conjunction ו with negative particle; Translation: “Nor”; Notes: Continues prohibitions concerning agricultural practices.
- תִבְצְר֖וּ (tiv·tze·ru) – Root: בצר (b-ṣ-r); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “You shall gather”; Notes: Refers to the act of harvesting grapes.
- אֶת־נְזִרֶֽיהָ׃ (et-ne·zi·re·ha) – Root: נזר (n-z-r); Form: Direct object marker את with noun, feminine plural with 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “Its untrimmed vines”; Notes: Refers to the produce of vines left unpruned.