אֹ֣ו כִ֤י יִגַּע֙ בְּטֻמְאַ֣ת אָדָ֔ם לְכֹל֙ טֻמְאָתֹ֔ו אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִטְמָ֖א בָּ֑הּ וְנֶעְלַ֣ם מִמֶּ֔נּוּ וְה֥וּא יָדַ֖ע וְאָשֵֽׁם׃
Or when he touches human uncleanness, any uncleanness whereby one becomes unclean, and it is hidden from him, and he knows of it and is guilty.
Morphology
- אֹ֣ו (ʾo) – Root: N/A; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “Or”; Notes: Indicates an alternative condition.
- כִ֤י (ki) – Root: N/A; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “When”; Notes: Introduces a conditional clause.
- יִגַּע֙ (yigaʿ) – Root: נגע (n-g-ʿ); Form: Verb, Qal, imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “He touches”; Notes: Describes the act of physical contact.
- בְּטֻמְאַ֣ת (betumʾat) – Root: טמא (t-m-ʾ); Form: Noun, construct, fs; Translation: “Human uncleanness”; Notes: Refers to ritual impurity associated with humans.
- אָדָ֔ם (adam) – Root: אדם (ʾ-d-m); Form: Noun, ms; Translation: “Human”; Notes: Specifies the source of uncleanness.
- לְכֹל֙ (lekhol) – Root: כל (k-l); Form: Preposition + noun, ms; Translation: “To any”; Notes: Emphasizes the inclusivity of types of uncleanness.
- טֻמְאָתֹ֔ו (tumʾato) – Root: טמא (t-m-ʾ); Form: Noun, fs with 3ms suffix; Translation: “His uncleanness”; Notes: Refers to specific impurities of the individual.
- אֲשֶׁ֥ר (ʾasher) – Root: N/A; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “Whereby”; Notes: Links the clause to the previous statement.
- יִטְמָ֖א (yitma) – Root: טמא (t-m-ʾ); Form: Verb, Qal, imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “He becomes unclean”; Notes: Describes the state of becoming ritually impure.
- בָּ֑הּ (bah) – Root: N/A; Form: Preposition with 3fs suffix; Translation: “In it”; Notes: Refers back to the uncleanness.
- וְנֶעְלַ֣ם (veneʿlam) – Root: עלם (ʿ-l-m); Form: Verb, Niphal, perfect, 3ms; Translation: “And it is hidden”; Notes: Indicates that the knowledge of the uncleanness is concealed.
- מִמֶּ֔נּוּ (mimmennu) – Root: N/A; Form: Preposition with 3ms suffix; Translation: “From him”; Notes: Refers to the individual.
- וְה֥וּא (vehu) – Root: N/A; Form: Conjunction + pronoun, 3ms; Translation: “And he”; Notes: Refers to the person involved.
- יָדַ֖ע (yadaʿ) – Root: ידע (y-d-ʿ); Form: Verb, Qal, perfect, 3ms; Translation: “Knows”; Notes: Denotes realization or awareness of the impurity.
- וְאָשֵֽׁם (veʾashem) – Root: אשם (ʾ-sh-m); Form: Conjunction + verb, Qal, perfect, 3ms; Translation: “And is guilty”; Notes: Indicates the resulting responsibility for the impurity.