אֹ֣ו נֶ֡פֶשׁ כִּ֣י תִשָּׁבַע֩ לְבַטֵּ֨א בִשְׂפָתַ֜יִם לְהָרַ֣ע אֹ֣ו לְהֵיטִ֗יב לְ֠כֹל אֲשֶׁ֨ר יְבַטֵּ֧א הָאָדָ֛ם בִּשְׁבֻעָ֖ה וְנֶעְלַ֣ם מִמֶּ֑נּוּ וְהוּא־יָדַ֥ע וְאָשֵׁ֖ם לְאַחַ֥ת מֵאֵֽלֶּה׃
Or a person who swears, expressing with lips to do evil or to do good, anything that a person expresses in an oath, and it is hidden from him, and he knows of it and is guilty concerning one of these things.
Morphology
- אֹ֣ו (ʾo) – Root: N/A; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “Or”; Notes: Indicates an alternative condition.
- נֶ֡פֶשׁ (nefesh) – Root: נפש (n-p-sh); Form: Noun, fs; Translation: “A person”; Notes: Refers to an individual.
- כִּ֣י (ki) – Root: N/A; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “When”; Notes: Introduces a conditional clause.
- תִשָּׁבַע֩ (tishavaʿ) – Root: שׁבע (sh-b-ʿ); Form: Verb, Niphal, imperfect, 3fs; Translation: “She swears”; Notes: Refers to the act of making an oath.
- לְבַטֵּ֨א (levatteʾ) – Root: בטא (b-t-ʾ); Form: Infinitive construct with preposition; Translation: “To express”; Notes: Indicates verbal expression.
- בִשְׂפָתַ֜יִם (bisfataim) – Root: שׂפה (s-p-h); Form: Noun, dual with preposition; Translation: “With lips”; Notes: Specifies the manner of expression.
- לְהָרַ֣ע (leharaʿ) – Root: רעע (r-ʿ-ʿ); Form: Infinitive construct with preposition; Translation: “To do evil”; Notes: Indicates a negative intention.
- אֹ֣ו (ʾo) – Root: N/A; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “Or”; Notes: Offers an alternative.
- לְהֵיטִ֗יב (leheitiv) – Root: טוב (t-w-b); Form: Infinitive construct with preposition; Translation: “To do good”; Notes: Indicates a positive intention.
- לְ֠כֹל (lekhol) – Root: כל (k-l); Form: Preposition + noun, ms; Translation: “To anything”; Notes: Denotes inclusivity.
- אֲשֶׁ֨ר (ʾasher) – Root: N/A; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “That”; Notes: Links the clause to the preceding phrase.
- יְבַטֵּ֧א (yevattʾe) – Root: בטא (b-t-ʾ); Form: Verb, Piel, imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “He expresses”; Notes: Indicates verbal action.
- הָאָדָ֛ם (haadam) – Root: אדם (ʾ-d-m); Form: Noun, ms with definite article; Translation: “The person”; Notes: Refers to an individual.
- בִּשְׁבֻעָ֖ה (bishvuʿah) – Root: שׁבע (sh-b-ʿ); Form: Noun, fs with preposition; Translation: “In an oath”; Notes: Indicates the formal declaration.
- וְנֶעְלַ֣ם (veneʿlam) – Root: עלם (ʿ-l-m); Form: Verb, Niphal, perfect, 3ms; Translation: “And it is hidden”; Notes: Describes a lack of awareness.
- מִמֶּ֑נּוּ (mimmennu) – Root: N/A; Form: Preposition with 3ms suffix; Translation: “From him”; Notes: Refers to the person making the oath.
- וְהוּא־יָדַ֥ע (vehu-yadaʿ) – Root: ידע (y-d-ʿ); Form: Conjunction + verb, Qal, perfect, 3ms; Translation: “And he knows”; Notes: Implies later awareness.
- וְאָשֵׁ֖ם (veʾashem) – Root: אשם (ʾ-sh-m); Form: Conjunction + verb, Qal, perfect, 3ms; Translation: “And is guilty”; Notes: Describes the moral or ritual culpability.
- לְאַחַ֥ת (leʾachat) – Root: אחד (ʾ-ḥ-d); Form: Preposition + numeral, fs; Translation: “Concerning one”; Notes: Refers to one of the situations described.
- מֵאֵֽלֶּה (meʾelleh) – Root: אלה (ʾ-l-h); Form: Preposition + demonstrative pronoun, mp; Translation: “Of these”; Notes: Refers to the listed offenses.