לִפְנֵ֤י זַעְמֹו֙ מִ֣י יַֽעֲמֹ֔וד וּמִ֥י יָק֖וּם בַּחֲרֹ֣ון אַפֹּ֑ו חֲמָתֹו֙ נִתְּכָ֣ה כָאֵ֔שׁ וְהַצֻּרִ֖ים נִתְּצ֥וּ מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃
Before his wrath who can stand, and who can arise in the burning of his anger. His wrath is poured out like fire, and the rocks are shattered from him.
Morphology
- לִפְנֵי (lifnei) – Root: פנה (panah); Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “before”; Notes: Marks relational or spatial position relative to YHWH’s wrath.
- זַעְמֹו (zaʿmo) – Root: זעם (zaʿam); Form: Noun masculine singular + suffix 3ms; Translation: “his wrath”; Notes: Denotes fierce indignation.
- מִי (mi) – Root: Interrogative; Form: Interrogative pronoun; Translation: “who”; Notes: Introduces a rhetorical question expecting “no one.”
- יַעֲמֹוד (yaʿamod) – Root: עמד (ʿamad); Form: Qal imperfect 3ms; Translation: “can stand”; Notes: Implies ability—who is able to endure.
- וּמִי (u-mi) – Root: Interrogative; Form: Conjunction וּ + interrogative pronoun; Translation: “and who”; Notes: Introduces second parallel rhetorical question.
- יָקוּם (yakum) – Root: קום (qum); Form: Qal imperfect 3ms; Translation: “can arise”; Notes: Highlights helplessness before divine fury.
- בַּחֲרֹון (ba-ḥaron) – Root: חרה (ḥarah); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “in the burning”; Notes: Refers to intense heat or anger.
- אַפֹּו (appo) – Root: אף (ʾaf); Form: Noun masculine singular + suffix 3ms; Translation: “his anger”; Notes: Common idiom of divine wrath.
- חֲמָתֹו (ḥamato) – Root: חמה (ḥemah); Form: Noun feminine singular + suffix 3ms; Translation: “his wrath”; Notes: Often connotes heat or poison-like fury.
- נִתְּכָה (nittekhah) – Root: נתך (natakh); Form: Niphal perfect 3fs; Translation: “is poured out”; Notes: Niphal expresses being spilled or emptied forth.
- כָאֵשׁ (ka-ʾesh) – Root: אשׁ (ʾesh); Form: Preposition כְּ + noun feminine singular; Translation: “like fire”; Notes: Simile highlighting consuming power.
- וְהַצֻּרִים (ve-ha-tsurim) – Root: צור (tsur); Form: Conjunction וְ + definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “and the rocks”; Notes: Represents the most solid natural structures.
- נִתְּצ֥וּ (nittetsu) – Root: נתץ (natats); Form: Niphal perfect 3mp; Translation: “were shattered”; Notes: Niphal conveys the passive sense of being broken apart.
- מִמֶּנּוּ (mi-mennu) – Root: מן (min); Form: Preposition מִן + suffix 3ms; Translation: “from him”; Notes: Indicates cause; the shattering results from his wrath.