וַיְמָאֵ֣ן אֱדֹ֗ום נְתֹן֙ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל עֲבֹ֖ר בִּגְבֻלֹ֑ו וַיֵּ֥ט יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מֵעָלָֽיו׃ פ
And Edom refused to give Yisra’el passage through his territory, so Yisra’el turned away from him.
Morphology
- וַיְמָאֵ֣ן (vayma’en) – Root: מאן (ma’en); Form: Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “And he refused”; Notes: Indicates Edom’s persistent denial.
- אֱדֹ֗ום (Edom) – Root: אדם (edom); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Edom”; Notes: Refers to the nation descended from Esau.
- נְתֹן֙ (neton) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “to give”; Notes: Describes the act of granting passage.
- אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל (et-Yisra’el) – Root: שׂרה (sarah); Form: Direct object marker with proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Yisra’el”; Notes: Refers to the nation of Israel.
- עֲבֹ֖ר (avor) – Root: עבר (avar); Form: Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “to pass”; Notes: Refers to the action of crossing Edom’s territory.
- בִּגְבֻלֹ֑ו (bigvulo) – Root: גבול (gevul); Form: Preposition with noun, masculine singular and 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “through his territory”; Notes: Refers to Edom’s land boundaries.
- וַיֵּ֥ט (vayyet) – Root: נטה (natah); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “so he turned”; Notes: Describes Yisra’el changing direction.
- יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל (Yisra’el) – Root: שׂרה (sarah); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Yisra’el”; Notes: Refers to the nation of Israel.
- מֵעָלָֽיו׃ (me’alav) – Root: על (al); Form: Preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “from him”; Notes: Indicates departure from Edom’s territory.
- פ (pe) – Form: Punctuation; Translation: “P”; Notes: Marks the end of a textual section.