אִם־יִרְא֨וּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֜ים הָעֹלִ֣ים מִמִּצְרַ֗יִם מִבֶּ֨ן עֶשְׂרִ֤ים שָׁנָה֙ וָמַ֔עְלָה אֵ֚ת הָאֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִשְׁבַּ֛עְתִּי לְאַבְרָהָ֥ם לְיִצְחָ֖ק וּֽלְיַעֲקֹ֑ב כִּ֥י לֹא־מִלְא֖וּ אַחֲרָֽי׃
‘Surely, the men who came up from Mitsrayim, from twenty years old and upward, shall not see the land which I swore to Avraham, to Yitsḥaq, and to Yaʿaqov, because they have not wholly followed Me
Morphology
- אִם (ʾim) – Root: אם (ʾm); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “Surely”; Notes: Used to introduce a conditional or emphatic statement.
- יִרְא֨וּ (yirʾu) – Root: ראה (rʾh); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “shall see”; Notes: Refers to visual perception.
- הָאֲנָשִׁ֜ים (ha-anashim) – Root: אנש (ʾnsh); Form: Definite noun, masculine plural; Translation: “the men”; Notes: Refers to adult males.
- הָעֹלִ֣ים (ha-ʿolim) – Root: עלה (ʿlh); Form: Qal participle masculine plural; Translation: “who came up”; Notes: Describes action of ascending or leaving.
- מִמִּצְרַ֗יִם (mi-Mitsrayim) – Root: מצר (mṣr); Form: Preposition with proper noun; Translation: “from Mitsrayim”; Notes: Refers to Egypt.
- מִבֶּ֨ן (mi-ben) – Root: בן (bn); Form: Preposition with noun; Translation: “from the age of”; Notes: Indicates a starting point of age.
- עֶשְׂרִ֤ים (esrim) – Root: עשר (ʿsr); Form: Numeral, masculine singular; Translation: “twenty”; Notes: Denotes a specific age.
- שָׁנָה֙ (shana) – Root: שנה (shnh); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “years”; Notes: Indicates a unit of time.
- וָמַ֔עְלָה (va-maʿla) – Root: עלה (ʿlh); Form: Conjunction with adverb; Translation: “and upward”; Notes: Refers to a direction of increase.
- אֵ֚ת (ʾet) – Root: את (ʾt); Form: Direct object marker; Translation: “”; Notes: Marks the direct object.
- הָאֲדָמָ֔ה (ha-adamah) – Root: אדמ (ʾdm); Form: Definite noun, feminine singular; Translation: “the land”; Notes: Refers to the promised land.
- אֲשֶׁ֥ר (asher) – Root: אשר (ʾshr); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces a subordinate clause.
- נִשְׁבַּ֛עְתִּי (nishbaʿti) – Root: שבע (shbʿ); Form: Nifal perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I swore”; Notes: Indicates a solemn promise.
- לְאַבְרָהָ֥ם (le-Avraham) – Root: אברהם (ʾvrhm); Form: Preposition with proper noun; Translation: “to Avraham”; Notes: Refers to the patriarch Abraham.
- לְיִצְחָ֖ק (le-Yitsḥaq) – Root: יצחק (yṣḥq); Form: Preposition with proper noun; Translation: “to Yitsḥaq”; Notes: Refers to Isaac, Abraham’s son.
- וּֽלְיַעֲקֹ֑ב (u-le-Yaʿaqov) – Root: יעקב (yʿqv); Form: Conjunction with preposition and proper noun; Translation: “and to Yaʿaqov”; Notes: Refers to Jacob, Isaac’s son.
- כִּ֥י (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “because”; Notes: Introduces a reason or cause.
- לֹא (lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Denotes negation.
- מִלְא֖וּ (milu) – Root: מלא (mlʾ); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they have filled”; Notes: Refers to fulfilling or following fully.
- אַחֲרָֽי׃ (akhari) – Root: אחר (ʾkhr); Form: Preposition with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “after Me”; Notes: Indicates loyalty or obedience.