וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֤ף יְהוָה֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיְנִעֵם֙ בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר אַרְבָּעִ֖ים שָׁנָ֑ה עַד־תֹּם֙ כָּל־הַדֹּ֔ור הָעֹשֶׂ֥ה הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃
And YHWH’s anger burned against Yisraʾel, and He made them wander in the wilderness for forty years, until the end of all the generation that did evil in the eyes of YHWH.
Morphology
- וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֤ף (vai-yiḥar-af) – Root: חרה (ḥrh); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with construct; Translation: “And His anger burned”; Notes: Indicates intense anger.
- יְהוָה֙ (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (yhwh); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Refers to the divine name of God.
- בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל (be-Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (ysrʾl); Form: Preposition with proper noun; Translation: “against Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the nation of Israel.
- וַיְנִעֵם֙ (vai-yeniʿem) – Root: נעה (nʿh); Form: Hifil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He made them wander”; Notes: Indicates causative action.
- בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר (ba-midbar) – Root: מדבר (mdbr); Form: Preposition with noun; Translation: “in the wilderness”; Notes: Refers to a desolate, uncultivated region.
- אַרְבָּעִ֖ים (arbaʿim) – Root: ארבע (ʾrbʿ); Form: Numeral, masculine plural; Translation: “forty”; Notes: Indicates a period of time.
- שָׁנָ֑ה (shana) – Root: שנה (shnh); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “years”; Notes: Refers to a unit of time.
- עַד־תֹּם֙ (ʿad-tom) – Root: תמם (tmm); Form: Preposition with infinitive construct; Translation: “until the completion”; Notes: Indicates the endpoint of an action.
- כָּל־הַדֹּ֔ור (kol-ha-dor) – Root: דור (dwr); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “the entire generation”; Notes: Refers to a specific group of people.
- הָעֹשֶׂ֥ה (ha-ʿoseh) – Root: עשה (ʿsh); Form: Qal participle masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “that did”; Notes: Describes the generation’s action.
- הָרַ֖ע (ha-raʿ) – Root: רעע (rʿʿ); Form: Adjective, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “the evil”; Notes: Refers to morally wrong actions.
- בְּעֵינֵ֥י (be-ʿenei) – Root: עין (ʿyn); Form: Preposition with noun in construct; Translation: “in the sight of”; Notes: Indicates perception or observation.
- יְהוָֽה׃ (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (yhwh); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Refers to the divine name of God.