וַֽיַּעֲל֞וּ עַד־נַ֣חַל אֶשְׁכֹּ֗ול וַיִּרְאוּ֙ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ וַיָּנִ֕יאוּ אֶת־לֵ֖ב בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל לְבִלְתִּי־בֹא֙ אֶל־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֥ן לָהֶ֖ם יְהוָֽה׃
And they went up to the Valley of Eshkol and saw the land. They discouraged the heart of the sons of Yisraʾel, so that they would not enter the land that YHWH had given them.
Morphology
- וַֽיַּעֲל֞וּ (va-yaʿalu) – Root: עלה (ʿlh); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with vav consecutive; Translation: “And they went up”; Notes: Indicates an ascent or journey upward.
- עַד־נַ֣חַל (ʿad-naḥal) – Root: נחל (nḥl); Form: Preposition with noun, masculine singular; Translation: “to the wadi”; Notes: Refers to a valley or streambed.
- אֶשְׁכֹּ֗ול (Eshkol) – Root: אשכול (ʾshkl); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Eshkol”; Notes: Name of a specific wadi.
- וַיִּרְאוּ֙ (va-yirʾu) – Root: ראה (rʾh); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with vav consecutive; Translation: “and they saw”; Notes: Describes the act of perceiving visually.
- אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ (et-haʾaretz) – Root: ארץ (ʾrṣ); Form: Direct object marker with definite noun, feminine singular; Translation: “the land”; Notes: Refers to the promised land.
- וַיָּנִ֕יאוּ (va-yanīʾu) – Root: נוא (nwʾ); Form: Hifil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with vav consecutive; Translation: “and they discouraged”; Notes: Conveys causing disheartenment or discouragement.
- אֶת־לֵ֖ב (et-lev) – Root: לב (lb); Form: Direct object marker with noun, masculine singular; Translation: “the heart”; Notes: Refers metaphorically to courage or resolve.
- בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל (bene Yisraʾel) – Root: בן (bn) and ישראל (ysrʾl); Form: Construct noun with proper noun; Translation: “the sons of Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the children or people of Israel.
- לְבִלְתִּי־בֹא֙ (le-vilti-bo) – Root: בוא (bwʾ); Form: Preposition with negative particle and Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “so that they would not enter”; Notes: Denotes prohibition or prevention.
- אֶל־הָאָ֔רֶץ (el-haʾaretz) – Root: ארץ (ʾrṣ); Form: Preposition with definite noun, feminine singular; Translation: “into the land”; Notes: Refers to the destination of the journey.
- אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֥ן (ʾasher-natan) – Root: נתן (ntn); Form: Relative pronoun with Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “that had given”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s promise of the land.
- לָהֶ֖ם (lahem) – Root: הם (hm); Form: Preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “to them”; Notes: Indicates the recipients of the land.
- יְהוָֽה׃ (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (yhwh); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant name of God.