דַּבֵּר֮ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ אִ֣ישׁ אֹֽו־אִשָּׁ֗ה כִּ֤י יַעֲשׂוּ֙ מִכָּל־חַטֹּ֣את הָֽאָדָ֔ם לִמְעֹ֥ל מַ֖עַל בַּיהוָ֑ה וְאָֽשְׁמָ֖ה הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַהִֽוא׃
“Speak to the children of Yisra’el: A man or a woman, if they commit any sin of mankind, acting unfaithfully against YHWH, and that soul is guilty,
Morphology
- דַּבֵּר (dabber) – Root: דבר (d-b-r); Form: Piel imperative masculine singular; Translation: “Speak”; Notes: A direct command given to Moshe.
- אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י (el-benei) – Root: בן (b-n); Form: Preposition + construct masculine plural; Translation: “To the children of”; Notes: Refers to the descendants of Yisrael.
- יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ (Yisrael) – Root: ישראל (y-s-r-ʾ-l); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisrael”; Notes: The covenant name for the nation.
- אִ֣ישׁ (ish) – Root: איש (ʾ-y-sh); Form: Masculine singular noun; Translation: “A man”; Notes: Introduces the subject.
- אֹֽו־אִשָּׁ֗ה (o-ishah) – Root: אשה (ʾ-sh-h); Form: Conjunction + feminine singular noun; Translation: “Or a woman”; Notes: Includes both genders in the command.
- כִּ֤י (ki) – Root: כי (k-y); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “If”; Notes: Introduces a conditional clause.
- יַעֲשׂוּ֙ (yaʿasu) – Root: עשׂה (ʿ-s-h); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “They commit”; Notes: Refers to actions taken by the individuals.
- מִכָּל־חַטֹּ֣את (mi-kal-chattaʾot) – Root: חטא (ḥ-t-ʾ); Form: Preposition + construct plural; Translation: “From any sins”; Notes: Denotes the general category of transgressions.
- הָֽאָדָ֔ם (ha-adam) – Root: אדם (ʾ-d-m); Form: Masculine singular noun with definite article; Translation: “Of mankind”; Notes: Refers to human nature.
- לִמְעֹ֥ל (limʿol) – Root: מעל (m-ʿ-l); Form: Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “Acting unfaithfully”; Notes: Indicates a breach of trust.
- מַ֖עַל (maʿal) – Root: מעל (m-ʿ-l); Form: Masculine singular noun; Translation: “Unfaithfulness”; Notes: Defines the nature of the sin.
- בַּיהוָ֑ה (ba-YHWH) – Root: יהוה (y-h-w-h); Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “Against YHWH”; Notes: Indicates the object of the offense.
- וְאָֽשְׁמָ֖ה (ve-ʾashmah) – Root: אשם (ʾ-sh-m); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “And is guilty”; Notes: Refers to the culpability of the soul.
- הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ (ha-nefesh) – Root: נפש (n-p-sh); Form: Feminine singular noun with definite article; Translation: “The soul”; Notes: Represents the individual.
- הַהִֽוא׃ (ha-hi) – Root: הוא (h-w-ʾ); Form: Feminine singular pronoun with definite article; Translation: “That”; Notes: Specifies the guilty party.