יִרְבּ֥וּ עַצְּבֹותָם֮ אַחֵ֪ר מָ֫הָ֥רוּ בַּל־אַסִּ֣יךְ נִסְכֵּיהֶ֣ם מִדָּ֑ם וּֽבַל־אֶשָּׂ֥א אֶת־֝שְׁמֹותָ֗ם עַל־שְׂפָתָֽי׃
Their sorrows shall multiply, they hasten after another. I will not pour out their drink offerings of blood, and I will not lift up their names upon my lips.
| # | Hebrew | Transliteration | Literal Gloss | Morph Tag |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | יִרְבּוּ | yirbu | “they will multiply” | Qal imperfect 3mp |
| 2 | עַצְּבֹותָם | ʿatsvotam | “their sorrows” | N(fp) + suff 3mp |
| 3 | אַחֵר | ʾaḥer | “after another” | Preposition-like adverb / noun |
| 4 | מָהָרוּ | maharu | “they hasten” | Qal perfect 3mp |
| 5 | בַּל | bal | “not” | Negative particle |
| 6 | אַסִּיךְ | assikh | “I will pour out” | Hifil imperfect 1cs |
| 7 | נִסְכֵּיהֶם | niskheihem | “their drink offerings” | N(mp) + suff 3mp |
| 8 | מִדָּם | mi-dam | “of blood” | Prep מִן + N(ms) |
| 9 | וּבַל | u-bal | “and not” | Conj ו + Neg particle |
| 10 | אֶשָּׂא | ʾessa | “I will lift” | Qal imperfect 1cs |
| 11 | אֶת | ʾet | “(object marker)” | Direct object marker |
| 12 | שְׁמֹותָם | shemotam | “their names” | N(mp) + suff 3mp |
| 13 | עַל | ʿal | “upon” | Preposition |
| 14 | שְׂפָתָי | sefatai | “my lips” | N(fp) + suff 1cs |
Morphology
- יִרְבּוּ (yirbu) – Root: רבה (ravah); Root Type: III-He (weak); Binyan: Qal; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they will multiply”; Notes: Refers to the increase of sorrows among those who pursue other gods.
- עַצְּבֹותָם (ʿatsvotam) – Root: עצב (ʿetsev); Root Type: I-Guttural (ע); Form: Noun feminine plural + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “their sorrows”; Notes: Often used for pains, troubles, or grief resulting from idolatry.
- אַחֵר (ʾaḥer) – Root: אחר (ʾaḥar); Root Type: I-Guttural (א); Form: Adverbial noun functioning as a prepositional idea; Translation: “after another”; Notes: Indicates pursuit of another deity.
- מָהָרוּ (maharu) – Root: מהר (mahar); Root Type: Strong; Binyan: Qal; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they hastened”; Notes: Expresses eagerness in pursuing another god.
- בַּל (bal) – Root: Particle; Root Type: Particle; Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: A poetic negation frequently used in Psalms.
- אַסִּיךְ (assikh) – Root: נסך (nasakh); Root Type: Strong; Binyan: Hifil; Form: Hifil imperfect 1st person common singular; Translation: “I will pour out”; Notes: Refers to pouring out libations in ritual offerings.
- נִסְכֵּיהֶם (niskheihem) – Root: נסך (nesekh); Root Type: Strong; Form: Noun masculine plural + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “their drink offerings”; Notes: Refers to libations offered in pagan ritual.
- מִדָּם (mi-dam) – Root: דם (dam); Root Type: Strong; Form: Preposition מִן + noun masculine singular; Translation: “of blood”; Notes: Possibly referring to violent or illicit sacrificial rites.
- וּבַל (u-bal) – Root: Particle; Root Type: Particle; Form: Conjunction וְ + negative particle; Translation: “and not”; Notes: Continues the speaker’s refusal.
- אֶשָּׂא (ʾessa) – Root: נשא (nasa); Root Type: I-Nun (weak); Binyan: Qal; Form: Qal imperfect 1st person common singular; Translation: “I will lift”; Notes: In idiom meaning “to utter” or “to mention.”
- אֶת (ʾet) – Root: Particle; Root Type: Particle; Form: Direct object marker; Translation: “(object marker)”; Notes: Marks the definite direct object.
- שְׁמֹותָם (shemotam) – Root: שם (shem); Root Type: Strong; Form: Noun masculine plural + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “their names”; Notes: Refers to the names of other gods or idols.
- עַל (ʿal) – Root: Prepositional particle; Root Type: Particle; Form: Preposition; Translation: “upon”; Notes: Indicates the surface or location of speech.
- שְׂפָתָי (sefatai) – Root: שׂפה (safah); Root Type: III-He (weak); Form: Noun feminine plural + suffix 1st person common singular; Translation: “my lips”; Notes: Represents speech or verbal expression.