Psalm 18:5 (Psalm 18:4)

אֲפָפ֥וּנִי חֶבְלֵי־מָ֑וֶת וְֽנַחֲלֵ֖י בְלִיַּ֣עַל יְבַֽעֲתֽוּנִי׃

The cords of death surrounded me, and the torrents of Beliyyaʿal terrified me.

 

# Hebrew Transliteration Literal Gloss Morph Tag
1 אֲפָפוּנִי ʾafafuni “they surrounded me” Qal perfect 3cp + suffix 1cs
2 חֶבְלֵי־ ḥevlei “cords of” Noun mp construct
3 מָוֶת mavet “death” Noun ms
4 וְנַחֲלֵי ve-naḥalei “and torrents of” Conj וְ + noun mp construct
5 בְלִיַּעַל beliyyaʿal “Beliyyaʿal / worthlessness” Noun ms (proper / abstract)
6 יְבַעֲתוּנִי yevaʿatuni “they terrified me” Piel imperfect 3mp + suffix 1cs

 

Morphology

  1. אֲפָפוּנִי (ʾafafuni) – Root: אפף; Root Type: Geminate (II=III); Binyan: Qal; Form: Perfect 3rd person common plural + suffix 1st person common singular; Translation: “they surrounded me”; Notes: Describes the psalmist being encircled by danger.
  2. חֶבְלֵי־ (ḥevlei) – Root: חבל; Root Type: I-Guttural; Form: Noun masculine plural construct (state: construct); Translation: “cords of”; Notes: Metaphor for entangling forces associated with death.
  3. מָוֶת (mavet) – Root: מות; Root Type: Hollow; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “death”; Notes: Represents mortal danger threatening life.
  4. וְנַחֲלֵי (ve-naḥalei) – Root: נחל; Root Type: I-Nun; Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine plural construct (state: construct); Translation: “and torrents of”; Notes: Imagery of overwhelming flood-like forces.
  5. בְלִיַּעַל (beliyyaʿal) – Root: בלע / compound tradition; Root Type: Compound / lexicalized form; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “Beliyyaʿal / worthlessness”; Notes: Often denotes destructive wickedness or forces of ruin.
  6. יְבַעֲתוּנִי (yevaʿatuni) – Root: בעת; Root Type: III-Guttural; Binyan: Piel; Form: Imperfect 3rd person masculine plural + suffix 1st person common singular; Translation: “they terrified me”; Notes: Expresses sudden overwhelming dread.

 

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