מִקֹּ֤ול אֹויֵ֗ב מִפְּנֵ֣י עָקַ֣ת רָשָׁ֑ע כִּי־יָמִ֥יטוּ עָלַ֥י אָ֝֗וֶן וּבְאַ֥ף יִשְׂטְמֽוּנִי׃
From the voice of an enemy, from before the oppression of the wicked; for they cause to fall upon me iniquity, and in anger they hate me.
| # | Hebrew | Transliteration | Literal Gloss | Morph Tag |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | מִקֹּול | mi-qol | “from the voice of” | Prep מִן + N(ms) |
| 2 | אֹויֵב | ʾoyev | “enemy” | N(ms) |
| 3 | מִפְּנֵי | mi-penei | “from before” | Prep מִן + N(mp construct) |
| 4 | עָקַת | ʿaqat | “oppression of” | N(fs construct) |
| 5 | רָשָׁע | rashaʿ | “wicked” | Adj(ms) |
| 6 | כִּי | ki | “for” | Conj |
| 7 | יָמִיטוּ | yamitu | “they cause to fall” | Hiphil imperfect 3mp |
| 8 | עָלַי | ʿalay | “upon me” | Prep עַל + suff 1cs |
| 9 | אָוֶן | ʾaven | “iniquity” | N(ms) |
| 10 | וּבְאַף | u-ve-ʾaf | “and in anger” | Conj + Prep בְּ + N(ms) |
| 11 | יִשְׂטְמוּנִי | yistemunī | “they hate me” | Qal imperfect 3mp + suff 1cs |
Morphology
- מִקֹּול (mi-qol) – Root: קול (qol); Root Type: Strong; Form: Preposition מִן + noun masculine singular; Translation: “from the voice of”; Notes: Indicates source, referring to the threatening speech or sound of the enemy.
- אֹויֵב (ʾoyev) – Root: איב (ʾ-y-b); Root Type: I-Guttural (א) (weak); Form: Qal participle masculine singular used substantively; Translation: “enemy”; Notes: Denotes one who is hostile or opposed.
- מִפְּנֵי (mi-penei) – Root: פנה (p-n-h); Root Type: III-He (weak); Form: Preposition מִן + noun masculine plural construct (state: construct); Translation: “from before”; Notes: Expresses causation or reason, “because of.”
- עָקַת (ʿaqat) – Root: עוק (ʿ-w-q); Root Type: I-Guttural (ע) (weak); Form: Noun feminine singular construct (state: construct); Translation: “oppression of”; Notes: Linked in construct with “wicked,” forming a genitive phrase.
- רָשָׁע (rashaʿ) – Root: רשע (r-š-ʿ); Root Type: I-Guttural (ר is not guttural but classified Strong; keep scholarly classification consistent → Strong); Form: Adjective masculine singular; Translation: “wicked”; Notes: Describes moral corruption, modifying or standing for a wicked person.
- כִּי (ki) – Root: —; Root Type: Particle; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces the reason for the distress.
- יָמִיטוּ (yamitu) – Root: מוט (m-w-ṭ); Root Type: Hollow (weak); Binyan: Hiphil; Form: Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they cause to fall”; Notes: Indicates deliberate action to bring harm or collapse upon the speaker.
- עָלַי (ʿalay) – Root: —; Root Type: Particle with suffix; Form: Preposition עַל + suffix 1st person common singular; Translation: “upon me”; Notes: Indicates direction toward the speaker.
- אָוֶן (ʾaven) – Root: און (ʾ-w-n); Root Type: I-Guttural (א) (weak); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “iniquity”; Notes: Can denote trouble, wickedness, or harmful intent.
- וּבְאַף (u-ve-ʾaf) – Root: אף (ʾaf); Root Type: I-Guttural (א) (weak); Form: Conjunction וּ + preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and in anger”; Notes: The term “nose” metaphorically expresses anger or wrath.
- יִשְׂטְמוּנִי (yistemunī) – Root: שטם (ś-ṭ-m); Root Type: Strong; Binyan: Qal; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural + suffix 1st person common singular; Translation: “they hate me”; Notes: Expresses hostile intent and deep animosity directed toward the speaker.